Introduction to Nervous System Dr. Sama-ul-Haque.

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Introduction to Nervous System Dr. Sama-ul-Haque

Objectives Discuss the functions of the Nervous System. Discuss the functions of the Nervous System. Classify Nervous System. Classify Nervous System. Define neuron. Define neuron. Classify neuron on the basis of Structure, Function and Location. Classify neuron on the basis of Structure, Function and Location. Define Synapse. Define Synapse. Enumerate different types of synapses. Enumerate different types of synapses.

Objectives Enlist the different types of Supporting Cells of Nervous system. Define Myelination. Explain the formation of a typical Spinal Nerve. Enumerate the different coverings of a spinal nerve. Enlist the coverings of Brain and Spinal Cord.

Basic Function of the Nervous System Sensation: Monitors changes occurring in and outside the body (Stimuli) & the cells that monitor them (Receptors). Monitors changes occurring in and outside the body (Stimuli) & the cells that monitor them (Receptors).

Basic Functions of the Nervous System Integration: The processing and interpretation of sensory information to determine the appropriate response. The processing and interpretation of sensory information to determine the appropriate response.

Basic Functions of the Nervous System Reaction: Motor output. Motor output. The activation of muscles or glands (Via Neurotransmitters). The activation of muscles or glands (Via Neurotransmitters).

Classification of Nervous System 1. Central a. Brain b. Spinal Cord 2. Peripheral a. 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves b. 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves

Classification of Nervous System Skeletal (Somatic) SympatheticParasympathetic Autonomic Peripheral Nervous System

A developing Brain cell

Neuron Neuron Nucleus Nucleus Cell body (Soma or Cell body (Soma or Perikaryon) Perikaryon) Dendrite Dendrite Axon Axon Schwann cell Schwann cell Axon Terminal Axon Terminal Synaptic knobs Synaptic knobs Node of Ranvier Node of Ranvier

Structural Classification of Neuron Multipolar Neuron Bipolar Neuron Unipolar or Pseudounipolar Neuron

Functional Classification of Neuron 1. Sensory Neuron

Functional Classification of Neuron 2. Motor Neuron

Functional Classification of Neuron 3. Interneuron or Association Neuron

Classification of Neuron According to Location 1. 1 st Order 2. 2 nd Ord er 3. 3rd Order

Synapse

Types of Synapse

Non – Excitable or Supporting Cells Astrocyte Microglial Cell Ependymal Cell Oligodendrocyte Schwann Cell

Myelination (CNS & PNS)

Spinal Nerve

Afferent Fiber: Afferent Fiber: Nerve fibers carrying impulse towards brain Nerve fibers carrying impulse towards brain and spinal cord. and spinal cord. Efferent Fiber: Efferent Fiber: Nerve fibers carrying impulse away from the brain Nerve fibers carrying impulse away from the brain and spinal cord. and spinal cord.

Ganglion: Ganglion: Collection of cell bodies of the neurons outside Collection of cell bodies of the neurons outside the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord). the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord). Nucleus: Nucleus: Collection of cell bodies of the neurons inside the Collection of cell bodies of the neurons inside the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord). central nervous system (brain & spinal cord). Plexus: Plexus: Collection of nerve fibers to form a network. Collection of nerve fibers to form a network.

Spinal Nerve

Coverings of Nerve Coverings of Nerve

Coverings of the Brain (Meninges)  Dura mater  Arachnoid mater  Pia mater

Covering of the Spinal cord (Meninges) Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

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