TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER : - MOVING FROM NEGOTIATIONS TO IMPLEMENTATION WILLIAM KOJO AGYEMANG-BONSU NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COORDINATOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, GHANA UNFCCC WORKSHOP ON INNOVATIVE OPTIONS FOR FINANCING DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES, 27 – 29 SEPTEMBER 2004, INTERCONTINETAL HOTEL, MONTREAL, CANADA

OUTLINE OF PRSENTATION Elements of UNFCCC Technology Development and Transfer Framework Ghana’s Technology Needs Assessment Challenges What requires financing? Conclusions

Elements of UNFCCC Technology Development and Transfer Framework 1)Technology Needs Assessment –Information needs –Capacity building needs – institutional, human –Assessment of enabling environment – systemic capacities, including barriers and actions to overcome them –Financing 2)Technology information 3)Enabling Environment 4)Capacity building 5)Mechanisms for technology transfer – institutional and financing aspects

Ghana’s Technology Needs Assessment

Goals of the TNA Contribute to global effort towards sustainable development and in particular the protection of the climate system. Communicate to COP under UNFCCC and the global community Ghana’s climate change technology requirements.

Identify, analyze and prioritize technologies that can form the basis for a portfolio of ESTs projects and programmes Identify human, institutional and systemic capacity needs that ensure the smooth development, transfer and acquisition of ESTs Enlist interest and commitment from key stakeholders and forge partnerships to support investment or barrier removal actions for purposes of enhancing the commercialization or otherwise diffusion of high priority technologies Immediate Objectives

Stakeholders Government Quasi-Government Business Associations Financial Institutions NGOs Research/Academia Development Partners

Resources for Ghana’s Needs Assessment Major funding from UNDP/GEF Technical support provided by NREL with funds from CTI/USDOE

Overview of Ghana’s Approach to Needs Assessment Development of background documentation Stakeholder identification (national/international) Organization of scoping meeting/stakeholder consultations Establishment of Technology selection criteria Choosing sectors/sub-sectors for assessment Establishment of core/expert teams Prioritizations of technologies Holding donor consultations In-depth analysis Preparation of needs assessment report Development of technology transfer implementation plan

Technology Priorities Setting Selection Criteria  Development benefits  Market Potential  Contribution Towards Mitigating Climate Change  Additional Attributes

Selection Criteria  Development benefits  Job creation  Wealth creation for the poor  Capacity building  Use of local resources  GDP growth  Good effect on balance of trade  Health Improvement  Skills development

 Market Potential  Initial capital outlay  Affordability  Investment sustainability  Low maintenance – durability  Commercial availability and  Replicability Selection Criteria

 Contribution Towards Mitigating Climate Change  No or low GHG emissions  Minimal harm to the environment  Low potential for “leakage”  Enhance sinks and waste recovery Selection Criteria

 Additional Attributes  Able to meet other social need(s) and are socially acceptable  Promote international trade in the context of north-south and south-south cooperation  Promote sub-regional cooperation with respect to optimization in use of resources for development Selection Criteria

Contents of the Needs Assessment Report Executive Summary Technology Transfer Implementation Plan – In-depth Analysis National Environmental Context Technology Priorities Review of Legislative and Institutional Framework Conclusions and Recommendations

Technology Implementation Plan – In-depth Analysis Background of Technology - information Barriers to the development and transfer Suggested Actions to Remove Barriers  Ghana Actions  Existing programmes and policies  Additional actions  Actions expected from International Community

Expected results of technology transfer Development, Economic and Social Benefits Market Penetration and sustainability GHG reduction and other environmental benefits List of stakeholders National International (Informed by TT Clear website, CTI personal communication and website) Capacity needs Recommendations for the creation of enabling environment and general conclusions Technology Implementation Plan – In-depth Analysis

Top Priority Technologies Energy efficient lighting using compact fluorescent lamps Industrial energy efficiency improvements – demand side management including power factor improvement and boiler efficiency enhancement Methane gas capture from landfills Use of bio-fuels (jatropha)

CHALLENGES “The sweetness of the pudding is in the eating” Access to technology information Development of bankable project portfolios Developing implementation models and business plans – capacity, barrier removal strategies Creation of the enabling environment for sustained technology development and transfer, including market transformation Building of business partnerships and identification of technology transfer intermediaries Financing – where (under UNFCCC and other donor sources), when, what and how?

What Requires financing?– A Case study Promotion and use bio-fuels in Ghana Barriers Inadequate awareness of the potential of bio-diesel Uncertainty about the economics of production Lack of know-how and infrastructure for efficient and cost effective extraction process Lack of capacity in purification and blending of bio-fuels with fossil fuels Competition of land for food crops

CONCLUSIONS Technology needs assessment is the critical niche The weakest link of the technology development and transfer chain is the mechanism for technology transfer - including financing Technology transfer is not a formula but an innovative process, involving learning by doing Therefore there is the need for joint research and development as well as partnership development that will address the fear of loss of IPRs Opportunities for financing technology development and transfer arise from barrier identification and removal strategies identified during technology needs and needs assessment