4D Model-based Analysis of Renovation Phasing Schedules Peggy Ho Advisor Martin Fischer Committee Members John Haymaker Calvin Kam April 5, 2007

CIFE Horseshoe Observed Problem Intuition Theoretical POD Research Questions Validation Plan Claimed Contributions Predicted Impact Research Tasks – Theory – Model – Test Legend: Compare Leads to

Qualification Exam3 Definitions Phasing Schedule: –Developed during design –Show high-level construction activities –Show how occupants move Swing space –Temporary space for occupants –Both inside and outside of building 4D Modeling = 3D Model + Phasing Schedule

Qualification Exam4 Observed Problem: Three challenges in the renovation planning process Develop Schedule Check Schedule Change (Req, Scope, Design) Challenge 1: Keeping track of what to check Challenge 2: How to evaluate? Challenge 3: What is the impact? Challenge 1. Difficult to keep track of: –Multiple Stakeholders –Multiple Requirements Challenge 2. Difficult to evaluate a schedule –What are the metrics? Challenge 3. Difficult to evaluate impact of changes –What parts of the schedule can be re-used?

Qualification Exam5 Observed Projects Project A: Courthouse Renovation –Some courtrooms required to remain functional –Main concern with court-related occupants Project B: 16-story office-building project –Asbestos removal on some floors –Façade renovation Project C: 17-story office-building project –23 occupants need to be moved –Construction occurs top-down due to façade renovation

Qualification Exam6 Project A. Oops, everyone does NOT fit in the building! Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam7 Project A. How to compare these schedules? Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam8 Project B. What parts of this schedule can the project manager reuse? ?

Qualification Exam9 Project B. What parts of this schedule can the project manager reuse? ?

Qualification Exam10 Project C. 10 out of 23 tenants were affected by change in occupant requirement Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam11 Metrics Renovation Planning Elements Analyze Phasing Schedule using 4D Model- based analysis Reasoning methods to “check” schedule Occupant Requirements Construction Requirements Building Configuration Phasing Schedule Big Idea: A “4D Checker” would help to solve these problems Satisfaction Of Requirements Cost Duration Efficiency

Qualification Exam12 Renovation Planning Elements 2. Occupant Requirements 3. Construction Requirements 1. Building Configuration 4. Phasing Schedule Intuition: Planners need 4 fundamental renovation planning elements Court and Non-court occupants need building space Project A Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam13 Reasoning methods to “check” schedule Intuition: Planners check by looking at the building configuration over time Project A Project B Project C Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam14 Metrics Big Idea: A “4D Checker” would help to solve these problems Satisfaction Of Requirements Cost Duration Efficiency Project C Project A Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam15 3 points of departure provide theories to help solve this problem Does not address Partially addresses Addresses

Qualification Exam16 Construction activities need space attributes Example ComponentLevel 17 Space ActionBuild Resource1 renovation crew Transformation Attributes Courtroom How to keep track of the number of courtrooms? Project A (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989)

Qualification Exam17 Occupant moves need activity elaboration and product model transformations Example ComponentLevel 7 Space ActionMove ResourceOccupant Y ElaborationHybrid ComponentLevel 10 Space ActionMove ResourceOccupant Y How to show where Occupant Y is moving to? (Aalami 1998)

Qualification Exam18 (Kiviniemi 2005) Requirements model specification is for spatial requirements of the design How to relate requirements and schedule? Project A Project C Requirements Schedule

Qualification Exam19 Renovation Requirements Model Phasing Schedule (Construction Activities & Occupant Moves) Occupant Requirement Types Number of Moves SpaceAttribute Construction Requirement Types Concurrent Unavailable

Qualification Exam20 Renovation Requirements Model Phasing Schedule (Construction Activities & Occupant Moves) Occupant Requirement Types Number of Moves SpaceAttribute Construction Requirement Types Concurrent Unavailable Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam21 (Akinci 2000)For each time period Check for geometric conflicts Report Check for project-specific requirements Number of Courtrooms Number of Moves 4D-analysis methods

Qualification Exam22 Effective Requirements Occupant Requirement Occupant Requirement Occupant Requirement Renovation Requirements Model Phasing Schedule (Construction Activities & Occupant Moves) Occupant Requirement Types Number of Moves SpaceAttribute Construction Requirement Types Concurrent Unavailable Building Configuration

Qualification Exam23 Research Question (1) What representation of renovation planning elements can enable automatic analysis of phasing schedules? An renovation planning ontology –Occupant Requirements –Construction Requirements –Building Configuration –Phasing Schedule

Qualification Exam24 Research Question (2) What method to enable planners to analyze phasing schedule quickly and comprehensively? –Analysis algorithms for requirements –Planning algorithms for phasing schedule

Qualification Exam25 Project A Project B Project C More comprehensive analysis of projects can ease planner’s frustrations Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam26 Research Methodology & Tasks Perform retrospective case studies Understand the current limitations of using 4D Gather specific metrics and requirements used by planners Develop the representation and reasoning methods Best capture the information gathered Find reasoning method that is able to be implemented Develop prototype system to test method Use Commonpoint 4D as development platform Enlist CS student to help with actual programming (CIFE Seed Proposal)

Qualification Exam27 Effective Requirements OR-7 Occupant “E” Space have “Secure” Attribute? OR-7 Occupant “E” Space have “Secure” Attribute? OR-7 Occupant “E” Space have “Secure” Attribute? Renovation Requirements Model Phasing Schedule Occupant Requirement Types Number of Moves SpaceAttribute Construction Requirement Types Concurrent Unavailable E EE Secure Not Secure Not Secure Not Secure Building Configuration 3/28/07 4/4/074/17/07

Qualification Exam28 Example: Renovation of a 2 story building E F B DA Lobby Level 2Level 1 C DBA ELobby Level 2Level 1 Existing Final

Qualification Exam29 Building Configuration Representation tracks occupants and spaces Step 1. Assign unique space ID Step 2. User-entered Information Secure Not Secure EC

Qualification Exam30 Existing Final Occupant requirement templates

Qualification Exam31 Existing Final Construction requirements are also documented Asbestos Removal Required

Qualification Exam33 Construction Activity Occupant Move Construction activities and Occupant Move activities are represented in the phasing schedule

3/28/07 4/4/07 YES E Secure Not Secure Not Secure E Building Configuration SATISFIED YES NOT SATISFIED

Qualification Exam35 Determine requirements in effect Use analysis algorithm Store results in database For requirements NOT satisfied, Create “Conflict Activities” in phasing schedule For each snapshot date For each req Proposed reasoning method checks requirements in effect throughout each snapshot date

Qualification Exam36 Database to keep track of requirements and spaces

Qualification Exam37 Planners can see how and when requirements are not satisfied

Qualification Exam38 Planners can comprehensively evaluate and compare the schedule

Qualification Exam39 Testing & Validation Charette test to validate the method and prototype system –Speed Measure time to evaluate the schedule –Comprehensiveness Accounting for multiple stakeholders – # of stakeholders considered Evaluating schedules – measure # of metrics Evaluating impact of a change – measure # of metrics –Generality Courthouse, Office Building, and Border Station Prospective intervention

Qualification Exam40 Predicted Contributions to Knowledge Contribution (1): An ontology for renovation planning elements –Requirements models –4D process representation Contribution (2): Method that utilizes (1) for automatic analysis of phasing schedules –4D analysis methods

Qualification Exam41 Practical Impacts Impact on Practice More comprehensive: Tracking of requirements during renovation Evaluation of schedules and impacts of changes

Qualification Exam42 Project A Project B Project C More comprehensive analysis of projects can ease planner’s frustrations Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy directly for more

Qualification Exam43 Proposed schedule 3-Journal Paper Format Dissertation Submission Journal Paper 1: Representation of Renovation Elements Journal Paper 2: Reasoning Methods for Phasing Schedules Journal Paper 3: Semi-automated Analysis for Renovation Planning

Qualification Exam44 Renovation Challenges and Anticipated Practical Contributions

Qualification Exam45 Effective Requirements OR-7 Occupant “E” Space have “Secure” Attribute? OR-7 Occupant “E” Space have “Secure” Attribute? OR-7 Occupant “E” Space have “Secure” Attribute? Renovation Requirements Model Phasing Schedule Occupant Requirement Types Number of Moves SpaceAttribute Construction Requirement Types Concurrent Unavailable E EE Secure Not Secure Not Secure Not Secure Building Configuration 3/28/07 4/4/074/17/07

Qualification Exam46 Research Questions & Validation RQ(1): How can renovation planning elements be formally represented? RQ(2): What method to analyze phasing schedules automatically to enable planners to evaluate a phasing schedule quickly and comprehensively? Speed –Measure time to evaluate the schedule Comprehensiveness –Representing multiple stakeholders – measure # of stakeholders considered –Evaluating schedules – measure # of metrics –Evaluating impact of a change – measure # of metrics Generality –Courthouse, Office Building, and Border Station