Dr. MOHAMMAD BOBALI

English Grammar 1. سيتم في هذا العرض الإلكتروني بإذن الله عرض الشرح المفصل لمادة القواعد متبوعا بملحق خاص للتعبير ............. 2. نتمنى من الله عزوجل ان يجعلنا من أهل العلــــم والديـــــن . 3. نتمنى النجاح والتفوق الباهرر لكــــــــل طالب من الثانوية العامة

Index 1. Present simple 2. Present continuous 3. Present perfect 4. The difference between for and since 5. Present perfect continuous 6. The difference between present perfect and present perfect continuous . 7. Simple past 8. Past continuous 9. Past perfect 10. Talking about wishes 11. Modal verbs for explaining Possibilities 12.The Passive voice 13.

Present simple The form :- I/You/We/They او اي اسم يدل على جمع فعل مجرد من أي اضافات VERB ( base ) He/She/It او اي اسم يدل على مفـــرد Verb + S/es

Present simple Examples:--- 1. Samia ……………. (clean) her room daily . 2. We ……………….. ( watch ) TV every night . 3. Rana …………( wash ) her hair every day . 4. Rami ………… ( go ) to school every day . cleans watch ملاحـــــظة نقـــوم باضافة es الى الفعل اذا انتهى الفعل ss,z,x,o,sh,ch بشرط أن يكون الفاعل في الجملة he/she/it hاو اي اسم مفرد washes goes

Present simple 1. They ………………….. ( not- eat ) apples daily . 2. We …………………….. ( not – play )basketball every day . طريقة نفي جملة المضارع البسيط I/you/we/they+do not+verb (base) أو اي اسم يدل على جمع Don’t eat Don’t play

He /she/it +doesn’t +verb ( base ) او اي اسم مفرد 1. Ahmad …………………….. ( not – clean ) his room every day . He /she/it +doesn’t +verb ( base ) او اي اسم مفرد Doesn’t clean

Does Sami drink coffee every morning? تشكيل سؤال نعم/لا اذا كـــان الفاعل في الجملة ( he/she/it) أو اي اسم مفرد فاننا نطبق القاعدة التالية : Does+sub+verb ( base ) ……………..? 1. Sami drinks coffee every morning . Does Sami drink coffee every morning?

Do they watch T.V every night? 2. اذا كان الفاعل في الجملة ( I/you/we/they) أو اي اسم جمع فإننا نطبق القاعدة التالية ::: - Do+sub+verb ( base ) ………………….. ? 1. They watch T.V everynight . Do they watch T.V every night?

نستخدم زمن المضارع البسيط في الحالات التالية : 1 نستخدم زمن المضارع البسيط في الحالات التالية : 1. التعبير عن عادات متكررة الحدوث . Ali ………….. ( go ) to school daily . 2. التعبير عن الحقائق العامة . Water ……………. ( boil ) at 100 c . The heart ………………. ( alter ) its rate of pumping according to how active a person is . goes boils alters

الكلمات التي تدل على أن الجملة تعبر عن الحقيقة 1. Water 2. Heart 3. Blood 4. Brain 5. Sun 6. Earth 7. Moon 8. Star 9. boil 10. freeze

الأفعال التالية نستخدمها في زمن المضارع البسيط 1. Cost 2. Consist 3. Contain 4. Seem 5. Sound 6. Look 7. Taste 8. Include ……… A) Water ……………… ( consist ) of two elements . B) My car …………….. ( cost ) JD 2,000 CONSISTS COSTS

I Present continuous He,she,it أو اي اسم مفرد Is+verb (ing) The form : Am+verb(ing) You,we,they او اي اسم جمع Are+verb(ing) He,she,it أو اي اسم مفرد Is+verb (ing)

Present continuous 1. Look ! The boy …………….. ( feed ) the lion . 2. Don’t make so much noise . The students ……………… ( take ) their final exam . 3. …………………. ( live ) in a small flat at the moment . Is feeding Are taking Iam living

?Are they cleaning the rooms now Iam studing English nowadays. ننفي جملة المضارع المستمر بوضع not بعد is/am/are . 1. Rami ……………….. ( not- play ) football now . نشكـــل سؤال نعم/ لا بوضع is/am/are قبل الفاعل . 2. They are cleaning the rooms now. نستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن نشاط يحدث الآن في نفس اللحظة أو في هذه الأيام . ?Are they cleaning the rooms now Listen ! She is singing . Iam studing English nowadays.

Present perfect Has + p.p The form :- Have + p.p I / you / we / they أو أي اسم يدل على جمع Have + p.p She /he/it أو أي اسم يدل على مفرد Has + p.p

Has Ahmad been in the garden for an hour? Present perfect Examples :- 1. Ahmad ……………….. ( be ) out since 10:00 . 2. They …………………….( not – see ) Rami for 3 weeks. ننفي جملة المضارع التام بوضع not بعد have / has نشكل سؤال نعم / لا بوضع have / has قبل الفاعل . 3. Ahmad has been in the garden for an hour . Has been Have not seen Has Ahmad been in the garden for an hour?

1. In my life I ……………………. ( visit ) Petra . نستخدم زمن المضارع التام ل : - 1. التعبير عن نشاط حدث في وقت غير محدد في الماضي ( لا يوجد مؤشر في الجملة ) . 1. In my life I ……………………. ( visit ) Petra . 2. They ……………………….. ( clean ) the rooms . 3. Sami ……………………….. ( play ) football . have visited have cleaned has played

2. التعبير عن نشاط حدث في الماضي وآثاره تظهر الأن ويكون في الجملة عادة كلمات مثل ( which means , as a result , so ) . a) She ………………….. ( pass ) her driving test so she can drive her father’s car . B ) I …………………….. ( cut ) my arm as a result it is bleeding . has passed have cut

3. التعبير عن طول المدة الزمانية للنشاط وهنا نستخدم كلمتي Since , for 3. التعبير عن طول المدة الزمانية للنشاط وهنا نستخدم كلمتي Since , for . a) Sami ……………………. ( be ) in the school since 8:00. 4. التعبير عن نشاط اكتمل قبل لحظة الكلام بقليل وهنا يكون في الجملة ( just , already ) . a) I …………………….. Just …………………… ( clean ) my room . has been have cleaned

The difference between for and since For :- وتعبر هذه الكلمة عن طول المدة الزمانية ويأتي بعدها عدد / أو أداة تعريف ( the / an / a ) أو يكون مع الاسم بعدها (s)الجمع . 1. For 2 minutes . 2. For half an hour . 3. For 2 days . 4. For 5 weeks . 5. For 10 years . 6. For a short time . 7. For along time . 8. For awhile . 9. For ages . 10. For 4 centuries .

* since :- * تحدد لنا متى بدأ النشاط بالضبط فيأتي بعدها اسم ساعة / اسم يوم / اسم شهر / اسم سنة / أو sub+verb . 1. Since 10:00 2. Since Monday . 3. Since April . 4. Since 2010 . 5. Since I was a little boy . 6. Since I started the course . 7. Since 4th century . 8. Since last month .

Present perfect continuous I / you / they / we أو أي اسم جمع Have +been +verb (ing ) Has + been+ verb ( ing ) He / she / it او أي اسم يدل على مفرد

Examples :- 1. I ……………………………. ( be –work ) in the garden all day. 2 * Examples :- 1. I ……………………………. ( be –work ) in the garden all day . 2. Rami …………………………. ( be – watch ) T.V since 10:00 . have been working has been watching

Have ننفي جملة المضارع التام بوضع not بعد have/has . 1. …………………. You ………………… ( be- play ) football all day ? Have been playing

have been interviewing نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير :- عن نشاط بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمراً . She ……………………………. ( be – write ) the report for 2 hours . 2. التعبير عن نشاط غير مكتمل ( ما زال مستمرا ) . They …………………………….. ( be – clean ) the room since 8:00 . 3. التعبير عن نشاط متكرر الحدوث خلال فترة زمنية معينة . The police ……………………………… ( be – interview ) the criminals all week . has been writing have been cleaning have been interviewing

Present perfect Present perfect continuous 1. مع الأحداث غير المنتهية . ( infinished , incomplete ) ، نشاط ما زال مستمرا ( still going on ). Muna has been cleaning the room for 2 hours . نستخدم المضارع التام مع الاحداث المنتهية . (finished /complete ) . Muna has cleaned the room . 2. التعبير عن طول المدة الزمنية والتركسز على الحدث نفسه . ( activity itself ) . Rami has been writing reports all day . 2. التعبير عن نجاح أو إنجاز تم تحقيقه . ( success, achievements ) ، حيث تحتوي الجملة على رقم / عدد / كمية لما تم تحقيقه . Rami has written 10 reports . 3. How long ? 3. * How many ? * How often ? * How much ?

Q) Study the following sentences and answer the question. 1 Q) Study the following sentences and answer the question . 1. She has been writing the reports since 12:00 . 2. She has written the reports . Which sentence indicates that the speaker has finished writing the reports ? The answer ::::- 2) She has written the reports .

ملاحظة : هنالك مجموعة افعال نستخدمها مع المضارع التام ليس المضارع التام المستمر . See / be/ have/ like/ love/ hate / cost / know}

Simple past * The form :- I / you/ we / they / he / she / it + verb 2 + أو اي اسم مفرد او جمع ملاحظة : عادة يكون في الجملة دلالة للماضي

Examples :- 1. Sami …………………. ( play ) football yesterday. 2 Examples :- 1. Sami ………………….. ( play ) football yesterday . 2. The film …………………… ( start ) afew minutes ago . 3. They ……………………………. ( go ) to school last week . played started went

eat Did did not write ننفي جملة الماضي البسيط باستخدام :- The boys ………………………… ( not – write ) the answers yesterday . نشــكل سؤال نعم / لا بوضع did قبل الفاعل . …………………. Rami …………………….. ( eat ) an apple yesterday ? تذكر !!!!!!!!!! دائما بعد did فعل مجرد . did not write eat Did

نستخدم زمن الماضي البسيط للتعبير عن نشاط حدث في الماضي وانتهى . Keywords :- 1. Last + time . 2. Yesterday . 3. Ago . 4. In the past . .أي تاريخ في الماضي 5. In + 6. When I was young . 7. When I was a child .

Past continuous The form : - Was +verb ( ing ) Were+ verb ( ing ) I / he /she / it أو أي اسم يدل على مفرد Was +verb ( ing ) Were+ verb ( ing ) You / we / they أو أي اسم جمع

were cleaning was watching was watching Keywords :- 1. While 2.as 3.when . * While they …………………………. ( clean ) the rooms , Ali arrived . * Ahmad …………………………….. ( watch ) T.V when the phone rang . * While they were writing the questions , the teacher …………………………. ( arrive ) . ننفي الماضي المستمربوضع not بعد was, were . نشكـــل سؤال نعم / لا بوضع was / were قبل الفاعل . were cleaning was watching was watching

I / you / we / they / he / she / it أو أي اسم جمع أو مفرد Past perfect The form :- I / you / we / they / he / she / it أو أي اسم جمع أو مفرد had + p.p

1. After she ………………………… ( do ) the shopping , she went home . 2. Before Sami went to school , he …………………………………. ( eat ) an apple . 3. By last week , Rami …………………….. ( visit ) Aqaba . ننفي الماضي التام بوضع not بعد had . نشكل السؤال بوضع had قبل الفاعل . had done had eaten had visited

Keywords :- دلالة للماضي 1. After 2. before 3 Keywords :- دلالة للماضي 1. After 2. before 3. by + Rami felt tired because he ………………………………. ( work ) very hard . ** قاعة ذهبية :- إذا جاء في بداية الجملة فعل تصريف ثاني وجاء الفراغ بعد كلمة because نضع في الفراغ had + p.p . had worked

Talking about wishes * Wish + simple past . تستخدم في الحالات التالية :- عند الندم حول أوضاع في الوقت الحاضر والتمني . * I don’t have the dictionary with me . The answer:- I wish I had the dictionary with me . خطوات الحل :- كتابة الفاعل . تحويل زمن الفعل للماضي البسيط بحيث اذا كانت الجملة منفية فإننا نثبتها أما إذا كانت مثبتة فإننا ننفيها (فعل مجرد didn’t + (

- I watch a lot of films . I wish I didn’t watch a lot of films . - I don’t have a lot of money . I wish I had a lot of money . - Rawan doesn’t spend time . I wish Rawan spent time with us . I don’t clean my room . I wish I cleaned my room . - I drink a lot of water . I wish I didn’t drink a lot of water .

2. الندم حول أوضاع مستحيلة لا يمكن تغييرها . - I am not a footballer . I wish I was a footballer . Am , is ______ was . are ________ were . - I am very poor . I wish I was not very poor . انتبه إذا كان الفعل في الجملة am , is , are فإننا ننفي ب was not , were not . - They are not clever . I wish they were clever .

.فعل مجرد * Wish + could + نستخدمها للتعبير عن الندم حول عدم المقدرة على القيام بعمل ما . - I can’t drive that car . I wish I could drive that car . - Rami can not walk very quickly . I wish Rami could walk very quickly . تذكر !!!!! أن الفعل بعد can , could فعل مجرد .

- I read slowly and would like to read more quickly . I wish I could read more quichly . - I speak very slowly and would like to speak fluently . I wish I could speak fluently . إذا احتوت الجملة على would like to لا ننفي ولا نثبت بس بنحول للماضي .

. فعل مجرد * Wish + would + للتعبير عن الإنزعاج أو نقد شخص ما (criticism ،annoyance ) . - She will not visit us . I wish she would visit us . العبارات التالية تدلنا على أن الجملة تعبر عن انزعاج / نقد :- 1. You always 2. It is a bad habitat . 3. It is dangerous . 4. It annoys me . 5. You should stop it . 6. I don’t like it

- You always leave the door open - You always leave the door open . I wish you would not leave the door open . - You smoke a lot and this is dangerous . I wish you wouldn’t smoke a lot .

Modal verbs for explaining possibilities استخدام الأفعال الشكلية المساعدة لعمل استنتاجات . . ( أكيد 1. Must ( ونستخدم هذا الفعل عند عمل استنتاج حول أمر ما نكون متأكدين من صحته تماما 99 % . الكلمات والعبارات التالية تدل على must . أنا متأكد 1. I am sure أنا متأكد 2. I am certain بدون شك 3. There is no doubt

خطوات تطبيق هذه القاعدة تحديد زمن الجملة من خلال شكل الفعل . البحث عن دلالات في الجملة لاستخدام فعل modal المناسب . كتابة فعل مجرد واكمال الجملة .

-:. Examples 1. I am sure that she is ill. She must be ill. 2 -:* Examples 1. I am sure that she is ill . She must be ill. 2. Iam sure they are watching T.V . They must be watching T.V . 3. I am certain she lives in Amman . She must live in Amman .

قد يأتي السؤال في الإمتحان هكذا :- In the sentence :” she must be tired “ . The speaker is :- 1. Sure that she is not tired . 2. Sure that she is tired . 3. Unsure that she is tired . The answer :- ( 2 ) . مساعدة في السؤال :- Must ---------- sure .

. ( ربما / قد * Might ( may ) : ( ونستخدم هذا الفعل عن عمل استنتاج حول أمر ما نكون غير متأكدين من صحته تماما 50% . الدلالات :- غير متأكد 1. I am not sure . غير متأكد 2. I am not certain . يوجد شك 3. There is doubt . من الممكن 4. It is possible that . من المحتمل 5. It is probable that . من الممكن 6. Possibly . من المحتمل 7. Probably . ربما 8. Perhaps .

Examples :- .*I am not sure that he is from landon He might be from london. * It is possible that they are eating apples . They might be eating apples . * In the sentence “ she might be tired “ . The speaker is :- 1. Sure that she is not tired . 2. Sure that she is tired . 3. Unsure that she is tired . مساعدة في السؤال :- Might /may :- unsure . ( 3 )The answer :-

.( من المستحيل * can’t ( * ونستخدم هذا الفعل عن عمل استنتاج حول أمر ما نكون متأكدين من عدم صحته . الدلالات :- . نفي مع الفعل 1. I am sure + . نفي مع الفعل 2. I am certain + . لا أصدق 3. I don’t believe . . من المستحيل 4. It is impossible . - I am sure that Ahmad is not from Jordan . Ahmad can’t be from Jordan . - I don’t believe that Rana drinks coffee . Rana can’t drink coffee .

In the sentence :” she can’t be tired “ The speaker is : - Sure that she is not tired . - Sure that she is tired . - Unsure that she is tired . . The answer : ( 1) مساعدة في السؤال : - . ( في آخر الجملة Can’t ------------ sure + not (

ملاحظة هامة جدا عند عمل استنتاج حول الماضي نطبق القاعدة التالية :- * I am sure that she was tired . She must have been tired . * I am sure that they didn’t win the race . They can’t have won the race . Must Might ( may ) have + p.p Can’t

The passive voice is spoken in my school ( 1 ) simple present :- نطبق القاعدة التالية :- Object + ( is , am , are ) + p.p * They speak English in my school . English …………………………………………. . * Farmers grow bananas in the Jordan valley . Bananas ……………………………………………………… . * Farmers don’t grow rice in Jordan . Rice …………………………………………………………. . is spoken in my school are grown by farmers in the Jordan valley isn’t grown by farmers in Jordan

aren’t eaten in this room ملاحظة هامة جدا :- أحيانا تكون الجملة منفية بكلمات مثل ( nobody , noone, nothing ) . فإن الكلمات السابقة في الذكر تدل على أنها إذا وجدت في اي جملة فإنها تنفي الجملة ...... ! * Nobody eats apples in this room . Apples ……………………………………………………. . aren’t eaten in this room

ملاحظة : يأتي السؤال في الإمتحان اختيار من متعدد :- * Aqaba ……………….. In the south of Jordan . ( is located , are located , locates ) * Nests ……………………. From grass ,twigs and feathers . ( is made , are made , made ) .

Present continuous (2) نطبق القاعدة التالية :- Object + ( is , am ,are ) + being + p.p * The boys are collecting stamps . Stamps ………………………………………………………. . * The government is building many hospitals all over the country . Many hospitals ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. . are being collected by the boys . are being built by the government all over the world

have not been invited to the party (3) Present perfect نطبق القاعدة التالية :- Object +( have/ has ) + been + p.p * They have answered the question . The question ……………………………………………………….. . * Nobody has invited me to the party . I ……………………………………………………………………………. . has been answered have not been invited to the party

was seen coming out of the forest (4) Simple past نطبق القاعدة التالية :- Object + ( was , were ) + p.p * They painted the doors white . The doors …………………………………………………………… . * People saw the smoke coming out of the forest . The smoke …………………………………………………………… . * The rooms ………………………………….. Last week . ( are painted , was painted , were painted ) . were painted white was seen coming out of the forest

(5) Past continuous was being made when I arrived نطبق القاعدة التالية:- Object + ( was / were )+ being + p.p * Someone was making coffee when I arrived. Coffee …………………………………………………………………. . * Sami was writing the report when the phone rang . The report ……………………………………………………………… . * They were building the school when I arrived . The school ……………………………………………………………… . was being made when I arrived was being written when the phone rang was being built when I arrived

had been posted had not been cleaned (6) Past perfect نطبق القاعدة التالية :- Object + had+ been + p.p * She had posted the letters . The letters ………………………………………………………….. . * Nobody had cleaned the rooms. The rooms …………………………………………………………… . had been posted had not been cleaned

will be visited next year should be kept clean and tidy Modals نطبق القاعدة التالية :- Be + p.p +(نفس الفعل)Object + modal * They will visit London next year . London ………………………………………………………………. . * You should keep Jordan clean and tidy . Jordan …………………………………………………………………. . will be visited next year should be kept clean and tidy

is going to be built have to be cleaned ملاحظة .. (1)انتبه إلى الأفعال has to/have to . نطبق القاعدة التالية :- * Object + has to / have to +be+ p.p . * Sami has to clean the rooms . The rooms ……………………………………………….. . ملاحظة ..( 2) انتبه إلى الفعل is/am/are + going to . * Object +is/am/are+going to+be+p.p . * They are going to build the school . The school ………………………………………………………. . have to be cleaned is going to be built