Bell Work  What problems in education emerged during the 1980’s? Pg. 841

Ch 25 Sec 3 Social Concerns 1980’s  AIDS  Drug Abuse  Abortion  Education

Essential Questions :  What were the national concerns about education, drug use, health issues and urban problems?  What political, economic, and social gains were achieved by women?  How did conservative policies affect minority groups?

Health Issues 1980’s  AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)  Abortion – Roe v Wade 1973 Pro-life Pro-life Pro-choice Pro-choice Webster v Reproductive Health Care Services Webster v Reproductive Health Care Services (States had the right to impose restrictions on abortion.)

Drug Abuse  War on Drugs  Nancy Reagan’s anti- drug campaign “Just Say no!” to drugs “This is your brain on drugs.”

Education 1980’s  A Federal Commission issued a report in 1983 called A Nation at Risk  23 million Americans were unable to fill out a job application or follow an instruction manual  School Vouchers were introduced “America 2000”

Urban Crisis  Flight to the suburbs hurt the inner city  High Unemployment  Homelessness  Crumbling Infrastructure  Lack of health services  Deteriorating Schools

LA Riots 1992  Rodney King was beaten by four white police officers after a car chase  Officers were found not guilty  South Central rioted for five days, 53 killed

Equal Rights 1980’s  ERA failed ratification in 1982  47 women were elected to the HOR in 1992  6 women in the US Senate  2 women in Reagan’s cabinet  Pay Equality was fought for by women’s organizations

Fight for Rights  African American Mayors of many big cities 1992 L. Douglas Wilder became the Governor of VA 1992 L. Douglas Wilder became the Governor of VA Jesse Jackson ran for President in 1984 and 1988 Jesse Jackson ran for President in 1984 and 1988 Many African Am. Also served as sheriffs, school board member, state legislators, and members of Congress Many African Am. Also served as sheriffs, school board member, state legislators, and members of Congress

Gains for Latinos  1988 Lauro Cavazos was appointed Sec. of Ed.  1990 Dr. Antonia Coello Novello was appointed Surgeon General

Native Americans Speak Out  Aid was slashed to Native Americans for health, education and other services  Native American campaigned for gambling casinos as a source of revenue

Asian American Population  They were the second fastest growing minority population in the US  By 1992 the Asian American Population was 8.3 million.

Advances in Gay Rights  In the 1980’s gay rights groups fought for civil rights  Direct Action groups called for an end to anti-gay discrimination.  By 1993, 7 states and 110 communities outlawed anti-gay discrimination

Ch 25 Sec. 4 Foreign Policy After the Cold War

Essential Questions:  What changed in the Communist world that ended the Cold War?  What did the US do to influence Central American and Caribbean affairs?  What was the Iran-Contra Scandal?  How and Why was the US involved in the Persian Gulf War?

The Cold War Ends  March 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the USSR  Glasnost – “Openness” Criticism of the USSR Criticism of the USSR Freedom of the Press Freedom of the Press Perestrokia – Restructuring of The Soviet Economy Perestrokia – Restructuring of The Soviet Economy

Relations with the US  Summits with President Reagan  INF Treaty –Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty)  Eliminated two classes of weapon and allowed on site inspections

Decline of the USSR  In Dec republics declared independence from the USSR  Gorbachev lost power, the USSR ended  CIS (Common Wealth of Independent States) was established  Boris Yeltsin new leader of Russia, START II signed

Collapse of Communisim  Nov. 9 th, 1989 East Germany opened the Berlin Wall  Oct., 1990 Germany united  Czechoslovakia divided, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania became independent  Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania transitioned from communism  Yugoslavia collapsed, igniting a brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Catholic Croats

Tiananmen Square  Student in China demanded freedom of speech and a voice in gov.  April 1989, Students held marches in Beijing and other cities  The PLA under the order of Li Peng crushed the protestors

Nicaragua  US Marines left in 1933, but left a dictator Anastasio Somoza in power  Between The Sandinistas take control  Reagan viewed the Sandinistas as a communist threat  The US supported the Contras with CIA training and weapons  The Boland Amendment banned aid to the Contras for two years

Grenada  In 1983 Reagan sent in 2,000 US Marines to overthrow a Pro-Cuban government and rescue US citizens  18 US solders were killed

Panama  In 1989 Pres. Bush sent 20,000 soilders to overthrow and arrest General Manuel Noriega on charges of international drug-trafficking

Iran-Contra Scandal  In 1985 seven Americans were taken hostage in Lebanon by Pro- Iranian group  President Reagan approved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for the hostages release  National Security Council Aid Colonel Oliver North had diverted millions in profits from the arms sale to the Anti- communist Contras fighting in Nicaragua

The Persian Gulf War  On Aug. 2 nd, 1990 Iraq led by Saddam Hussein invaded the oil rich nation of Kuwait  Saddam then looked to Saudi Arabia  Pres. Bush organized an international coalition and with the support of the UN and Congress launched Operation Desert Storm  On Jan 16 th, 1991 the air war began, in February the ground war began  Kuwait was liberated, Iraq was weakened  Less than 400 American casualties, but Gulf War Syndrome?