American Cinema  Today – finish Black Hawk Down – Film Noir notes – time to work on War reviews  Tomorrow – War unit due –Notes –African Queen –Tora! Tora! Tora! –Black Hawk Down

Film Noir “ Black Film ” Or “ Dark Film ”

The film noir genre was born from crime films:  audiences grew bored with the criminal protagonist  wanted more of a hero during war times  more intelligent: German Expressionists heavily influenced by mise-en-scene  Lasted from 1945-ish to 1950-ish Some film noir films have criminals and private eyes, but not all private eye or crime films are film noir.

There is no true definition of a film noir, yet many contain similar characteristics There is no true definition of a film noir, yet many contain similar characteristics Darkness represents two ideas: Darkness of setting Darkness of humanity Humphrey Bogart in The Maltese Falcon (1941)

Darkness of the Setting Cities:  Mean, nasty places where anything can happen at any moment  Violence and crime occur often, usually randomly  Sex: strip clubs, bars, sultry women abound  Cities are grimy, dirty places with lots of shadows.

Fog:  Fog obscures, makes unclear and unknown.  Fate, mystery, future. Water:  What lies under the water?  Rarely can the audience see below the surface of water  Sometimes choppy and tumultuous Casablanca (1942) What Lies Beneath (2000) Darkness of the Setting

Lighting  Film noir uses high contrast lighting with lots of shadows.  Sometimes props are the only source of light  This is called low key lighting. –Little key lighting (principle source of light) –Mostly fill light (lights from side or back) –Comedies, musicals use high key lighting to create uniform light with little contrast

Notice the Brox Sisters in 1929 ’ s Singing in the Rain. What do you notice about the lighting? What do you see for lighting in this image of Bogart from Casablanca (1942)?

Darkness of Humanity: It ’ s a world of paranoia and entrapment  Male protagonist feels trapped and overwhelmed by a situation  Chance plays a larger role than fate  Heavy use of mise-en-scene to show craziness and entrapment: –Bars or lines in front or behind character –Tight framing –Odd angles –Slow tracking shots –Backward tracking shots

Femme Fatale  A “ dangerous woman ” who traps or pulls the male protagonist (usually a common, everyday Joe) into a world of crime and danger  She is sexy, dangerous, often filled with “ mad love, ” greed, or jealousy  Often, one or the other, maybe both, will die.  AKA – The Spider Woman –Ensnares the hero in a web of danger, lies and death

Other Symbols  Fog, water, cities, shadows –All show obscurity or the unknown mystery  Transportation: –Used as a weapon or a place of isolation and escape –Cars, trains, planes, boats Double Indemnity (1944)

 Clothing: –Symbol of status, power, innocence or guilt  Mirrors and glass: –Sharp and dangerous yet fragile, like life –Shows all people are the same –Something might be hidden behind a mirror The Lady from Shanghai (1947) Other Symbols

Postmodern Film Noir Even though film noir died out, it still exists: –Small details have been taken from the classics (symbols, lighting, characters) –Some feel film noir must be black and white, others feel that high contrast can be achieved through vivid colors Examples: Blade Runner (1982), The Usual Suspects (1995), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992)

The Maltese Falcon  1941  John Huston   A private detective takes on a case that involves him with three eccentric criminals, a gorgeous liar, and their quest for a priceless statuette.

Double Indemnity  1944  Billy Wilder   An insurance rep lets himself be talked into a murder/insurance fraud scheme that arouses an insurance investigator's suspicions.  Double indemnity -  Double indemnity - a provision in a life- insurance or accident policy whereby the company agrees to pay twice the face of the contract in case of accidental death