Ankle Sprain  MOI: 85% inversion, 15% eversion  Deltoid stronger than lateral ligaments  Fibula longer than tibia  S/S: pain, swelling, discoloration, decreased ROM  1 st degree: ligament stretched  2 nd degree: ligament partially torn  3 rd degree: ligament completely torn, surgery

Ankle Sprain  Treatment: RICE, use horseshoe, crutches if needed  Taped, braced before return to participation  Rehab  Increase ROM  Increase strength  Increase proprioception

Arch Sprain  MOI: overuse, fatigue, training on hard surfaces, wearing improper shoes  S/S: pain over arch, swelling  Treatment: RICE, Arch pad  Rehab  Increase strength of intrinsic muscles  Stretching Achilles

Turf Toe  MOI: Hyperextension or hyper flexion of first metatarsophalangeal joint  S/S: swelling, pain with flexion or extension  Treatment: RICE, tape, walking boot  Rehab: strengthen toe muscles

Plantar Fasciitis  Plantar fascia attaches at calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsals; support for longitudinal arch of foot  MOI: overuse, improper footwear, tight Achilles, running on hard surfaces  S/S: pain in arch of foot, swelling  Treatment: RICE, massage, correct mechanics

Achilles Tendon Rupture  MOI: forced dorsiflexion, blunt force, or sudden forceful contraction of gastroc  S/S: extreme pain, difficulty walking, no plantar flexion, swelling, obvious deformity

Achilles Tendon Rupture  Treatment  Surgery  Immobilized 6 weeks  Rehab  Slow progression of ROM  Isometric strength

Jones Fracture  Fracture of fifth metatarsal  MOI depends on type of fx  S/S: pain over 5 th metatarsal  Treatment: RICE, refer to physician

Shin Splints  Medial tibial stress syndrome  S/S: pain over anterior portion of lower leg  Treatment: RICE, switch to cross training  Rehab: stretch gastroc and soleus  Figure out what is causing shin splints and fix  Shoes  Training Surface  Running mechanics

Anterior Compartment Syndrome  MOI: contusion, fracture, infection, excessive exercise  S/S: pain, increased with movement, touch, pressure, or stretching, numbness and weakness may develop  Treatment: Acute needs medical attention immediately; surgery required to relieve pressure

Rehab Exercises  For intrinsic foot muscles-towel curl  Theraband-four ways  Dorsiflexion  Plantar flexion  Inversion  Eversion  Balance  Stretching

Special Tests  Anterior Drawer: tests anterior talofibular ligament  Tinel’s Sign: tests entrapment of tibial nerve  Thompson Test: tests integrity of Achilles tendon