This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill “NEWSPACE” EMERGING PERSPECTIVES FOR EO AND GI POLICY Mukund Rao & K R Sridhara Murthy National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore, India PRESENTATION AT 3RD MANFRED LACHS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEWSPACE COMMERCIALISATION AND THE LAW MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL March 16-17, 2015

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill EARTH OBSERVATION UN RS PRINCIPLES (1986) RS FOR BENEFIT OF MANKIND – “OPEN SKIES” POLICY ASSURED NON-DISCRIMINATORY ACCESS, SENSED STATE “RIGHTS” FRAMEWORK OF COOPERATION AND SHARING NATIONS HAVE POLICIES POSITIONING GLOBAL AGREEMENTS AND FRAMEWORKS - TECHNICAL NATIONAL POLICIES DEFINED GIS NO GLOBAL-AGREEMENTS OR POLICIES NATIONAL POLICIES FOR MAPPING AND GIS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PAST YEARS HAVE CHANGED THE GLOBAL- PERCEPTION LARGE NUMBER OF EO SATELLITES – GOVT + PRIVATE HIGHRES IMAGES IN COMMERCIAL DOMAIN POS SATELLITES – A KEY DATA GI INDUSTRY – “SEAMLESS” GLOBAL SPATIAL INFORMATION NEWER APPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC-GOOD AND COMMERCIAL

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill WORLD OVER GI CONTENT FOCUS NOW ….. GI CONTENT/ APPLICATIONS EO IMAGES – SATELLITES/AERIAL GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE OWNERSHIP LAND, TERRAIN, WEATHER, CLIMATE- CHANGE GLOBAL, COMMERCIAL DATA ANALYTICS/FUSION CIVILIAN, COMMERCIAL, SECURITY AND GLOBAL APPS WEB-SERVICES – MAPS AND APPS GLOBAL, COMMERCIAL PRIVATE OWNED SERVICES (GLOBAL) + GOVT SERVICES (NATIONAL) 4-D GI CONTENT (X,Y,Z,T) “LAYERED” DATA-ANALYSIS CIVILIAN, COMMERCIAL, SECURITY AND GLOBAL APPS PRECISE POSITIONING SATELLITES

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill PARAMETERTHEN, ….. (SAY, IN 1980s)NOW, …. (IN 2012) EO SATELLITES & GIS3-4 (FEW) NATIONS – GOVERNMENT ONLY40+ NATIONS + PRIVATE SECTOR IMAGE COVERAGENATIONAL/REGIONALGLOBAL IMAGE RESOLUTIONSUPTO ~10 M<1M GIS TECHNOLOGYBASIC-LEVEL – JUST STARTEDHIGHLY ADVANCED - SERVICES POSITIONINGCIVILIAN – COARSE; DEFENCE - PRECISEHIGH PRECISION SERVICE; MULTI-SYSTEMS MAPPINGMANUAL AND CUMBERSOMEDIGITAL, AUTOMATED AND ANALYTICS GIS DATABASESLOCAL/PROJECTS, MANLY GOVERNMENTLARGE-AREA/NATIONAL/GLOBAL; GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE, CITIZEN- EMBEDDED GI DISSEMINATIONPAPER MAPSDIGITAL ON WEB/MOBILE – DATA AND APPS EASE OF ACCESSDIFFICULT/LIMITEDEASY – WITH GLOBAL IMAGE/GIS PORTALS COSTHIGHSTILL HIGH GLOBAL HR IN GI~IN THOUSANDSIN MILLIONS THREAT PERCEPTIONDEFENSE – “DENIAL”DEFENCE; NATIONAL SECURITY; LEGAL - REGISTRATION USER-BASESMALLLARGE; TOUCHES EVERYONE SO, POLICYRESTRICTED (DENIAL)REGULATED … 4

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill LANDSAT – USA GPS - USA IRS – INDIA IRNSS- INDIA SPOT /PLEIADES- FRANCE RADARSAT – CANADA RAPIDEYE – EUROPE GALILEO- EUROPE CHINA EO SATELLITES.. US NATIONAL MAP ONEMAP - SINGAPORE DIGITALGLOBE - USA SKYBOX – USA PLANETLABS - USA URTHECAST – USA.. GOOGLE EARTH ESRI ARCGIS ONLINE MAPMYINDIA – INDIA ONEMAP – SINGAPORE MICROSOFT - TERRASYSTEMS “NEW” EO, POS AND GIS SYSTEMS – SOME EXAMPLES GOVERNEMENTS: LARGE CORPORATES: 5

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill Generate (National) Content Serving Public/Merit Good EO and GI Sharing - cooperative Rights to Information Security Applications Public-Private Private Partnerships Public Finance and Technology Investment R&D Investment (IPR) (Cost Recovery) Generating Global Content Market driven EO and GI Global Service – Data and Applications Large Investments – Financial/Technology Market Pricing IPR Liability (Profit-centric) GLOBAL SCENARIO OF EO and GIS GOVERNEMENTS: LARGE CORPORATES: 6

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill OWNERSHIP OF SATELLITES? INDIAN GOVERNMENT FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IMAGING CONTROL DATA ACQUISITION HOW ACQUIRED? GROUND STATION – CENTRALISED/LICENSED ON-BOARD STORAGE DATA DISTRIBUTION WHO DISTRIBUTES SATELLITE OWNER LICENSED DISTRIBUTOR RE-SELLER NETWORK DISSEMINATION HOW DISTRIBUTED ON-LINE ORDER/DISSEMINATION UTILISATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC-GOOD COMMERCIAL EO POLICIES – MAJOR ISSUES OWNERSHIP OF SATELLITES? GOVERNMENT MULTI-LATERAL COMMERCIAL IMAGING CONTROL

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill “SOVEREIGNITY” - UN PRINCIPLES KNOWING WHERE (HIGHRES) IMAGING IS HAPPENING KNOWING WHO IS USING THOSE (HIGHRES) IMAGES “RIGHT OF SENSED ENTITY” - OPERATORS MAY BE REQUIRED TO SHARE SENSING AND USER INFORMATION “SHARE” IMAGES WITH SENSED STATE INFORMATION ON IMAGING, SALE, USERS ETC MAY BE INEVTIABLE – ESPECIALLY CONSIDERING THE PRESENT SITUATIONS “RIGHT TO INFORMATION” ISSUE (HAVING REGARD TO DOMESTIC LAWS ) SOCIETY OR INDIVIDUALS “SHUTTER CONTROL” – ALMOST A NON-ISSUE ON NATION-CONTROL SYSTEMS NOT ON FOREIGN IMAGING SYSTEMS “NATIONAL REGULATIONS” FOR USE-CONTROL EO POLICY – “RIGHTS” ISSUES …

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill GI POLICY – IMPORTANT ISSUES GI IS NOW OVER-ARCHING IMAGING, POSITIONING AND GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES/APPLICATIONS “PUBLIC GOOD” VALUE OF GI IS HIGHLY RECOGNIZED BY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND MULTI-LATERAL AGENCIES “MARKET GOOD” VALUE BEING INCREASINGLY RECOGNISED BY ENTERPRISES AND SOCIETIES GI AVAILABILITY/ACCESS/SHARING ARE STILL BEING “GRAPPLED” WITH – NATIONAL- AND GLOBAL-LEVEL “NATIONAL SECURITY/PROTECTION” OF GI IS IMPORTANT – INTELLIGENCE, DEFENCE AND “RIGHT-USE” CRITICAL ISSUES – GI DATA PROTECTION, GI CONFIDENTIALITY/DATA PRIVACY, GI LICENSING, GI CONSUMER PROTECTION, GI PRODUCT AND SERVICES LIABILITY, IPR / COPYRIGHT RIGHTS, CENSORSHIP …. OVERARCHING GI POLICY FRAMEWORK RECOGNISED

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill THE USE(R) IS THE KEY ISSUE…… (FOR WHAT? WHO? HOW? …..) ISOLATE THE USE – RIGHT-USE(R) AND WRONG-USE(R) ENABLE AND CONTROL DENIAL IS NOT THE SOLUTION THERE ARE TOO MANY SOURCES FOR ACCESS MANY SOURCES NOT IN NATIONAL-CONTROL WHEN GI AVAILABLE EASILY ELSEWHERE (OUTSIDE NATION) SECURITY-PERCEPTION CHANGES GOOD REGULATION AND TECHNOLOGY USE CAN BE BEST SOLUTION ISOLATE MIS-USE TECHNOLOGIES TO TRACK/MONITOR/DETECT LOOK AT THREAT “DIFFERENTLY” 10

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill NATIONAL IMAGING POLICY NATIONAL MAP POLICY AERIAL SURVEY GUIDELINE ESTABLISH ENABLING PROCESS FOR GI ACTIVITIES (DOs AND DONTs) STRONG IMPLEMENTATI ON MECHANISM RIGHT-USE AND VALID USE SUPPORT TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL GI POLICY WEB/PRINT/SHARI NG ACCESS POLICY INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE FOR EO, POS, GI COORDINATION/ SHARING EXAMPLE …….. DEFINING INDIAN EO, POS AND GI POLICY SURVEY GUIDELINES TAXATION ISSUES FOR GI INDUSTRY REVIEW/UPDATE (FREQUENTLY), INTEGRATE AND OVER-ARCH COPYRIGH T/ IPR ISSUES 11

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill how to ensure that decision/governance process is supported by a comprehensive, easy-to-use EO/POS/GI Decision Support System that brings scientific, participatory and quality into decisions, planning and development of every nation how to ensure that EO and GIS-Ready data are always easily available and maintained/updated – by adding that critical capability differentiator over the images and maps that have already been invested in how can each nation maintain a best-level of national capability in this important technology area and leverage itself to also be in the fore-front of benefitting from EO, POS and GI technology ….. INTERNATIONAL DEBATE - A HOLISTIC POLICY-TEMPLATE “NEWSPACE” ACTION: CREATE A EO POLICY TEMPLATE + POS POLICY TEMPLATE + GIS POLICY TEMPLATE STRONG INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION REGIME

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill Thank you