A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 9 Local Government Section 1:Units of Local Government Section 2:Town, Township, and Village Governments Section 3:City Government Section 4:How Governments Work Together

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES  How are local governments established, and why are they needed?  How did the county system of government begin in the United States?  How is county government organized, and what are the main purposes of each level of county government? Section 1:Units of Local Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 Chapter 9 Local governments  are established by and given powers from the state governments.  define their powers, responsibilities, and organization by charter from the state.  provide services for citizens.  maintain roads, running water, sewage systems, sidewalks, street cleaning, and trash collection.  supervise privately owned electric and transportation systems. Section 1:Units of Local Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Chapter 9 The county system of government in the United States:  Borrowed from England, began in the southern agricultural states  Scattered population gathered at the county seat to discuss issues. Section 1:Units of Local Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Chapter 9 Organization and purpose of county government:  County board is elected by voters and forms the legislative body.  The county board supervises elections; enforces state laws; collects taxes; and provides health and welfare services, libraries, roads, and schools.  County officials include sheriff and deputies, county clerk, treasurer, auditor, and district attorney.  Some counties have elected a county manager and a county executive. Section 1:Units of Local Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES  Where did town government begin, and how has it changed?  Why did townships and special districts develop, and how does each function?  Why are villages and boroughs created, and how do they operate? Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Chapter 9 Town Governments  Town governments began in the New England colonies.  Today, selectmen and selectwomen are elected to manage the town’s affairs.  Officials discuss the town business and a vote is taken on each item.  Population growth has inhibited direct democracy.  Higher populations require more local services.  Town managers and representative town meetings have developed. Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Chapter 9 Townships  First type: developed in the Middle Atlantic states; maintained roads and schools and assisted the poor  Second type: divisions of land in the Midwestern states that were developed by Congress in 1785 as part of a surveying system Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 Chapter 9 Special Districts  Developed to serve special needs of an area  The most numerous form of local government  Operated by a commission Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Chapter 9 Villages and Boroughs  Created when populations grow and need to organize  Self-governing municipalities  Collect taxes and provide local services  Governed by a council with an executive (mayor) Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES  What is a city, and what services do city governments provide for their residents?  How are city governments established?  What are the different types of city governments and their functions? Section 3:City Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Chapter 9 Cities  are larger than other local governments.  often have large populations crowded into a small area.  must deal with education, health, safety, transportation, sanitation, water supply, and fire and police protection. Section 3:City Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Chapter 9 City Governments  Established by and receive charters from state legislatures  Some cities have been granted home rule and can write their own charters.  Home rule cities manage their own affairs.  Some states limit the independence of their cities’ governments. Section 3:City Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Chapter 9 Different types of city governments and their functions:  Mayor-Council Government—Mayor prepares the budget, proposes laws, and appoints officials; city council passes laws and approves the mayor’s appointments; cities have weak-mayor plans and strong-mayor plans. Section 3:City Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Chapter 9 Different types of city governments and their functions: (continued)  Commission Government—Board of commissioners passes laws and carries out the functions of government.  Council-Manager Government—City council passes laws and appoints the city manager, who proposes laws and appoints department heads. Section 3:City Government

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES  Why is there a division of powers among different levels of government?  Why did the federal government become involved in the building of roads?  What government functions require the cooperation of different levels of government? Section 4:How Governments Work Together

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 Chapter 9 Division of powers among levels of government:  Local, state, and federal governments have clearly defined powers.  Each level of government has the power needed to do its job.  All levels of government obey the U.S. Constitution.  The federal system keeps the powers of each level clearly defined. Section 4:How Governments Work Together

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 Chapter 9 The federal government is involved in building roads.  Roads were originally local projects.  As the country grew, Congress voted to federally fund roads connecting the east to the west.  Late 1800s—state funds first used to manage local roads  Interstate highway system is a joint effort of state and federal governments.  Good roads contribute to the safety and well-being of all citizens. Section 4:How Governments Work Together

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 Chapter 9 Government functions requiring the cooperation of different levels of government:  Public education—funds and services from the state; schools controlled by local boards; special funds from the federal government  Federal Bureau of Investigation and the local and state police—work together and share state crime laboratories  Stores and businesses—state licensing boards ensure quality local services; grants-in-aid and block grants given to state and local governments from federal government Section 4:How Governments Work Together