US Territory Expansion

US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1776 Great Britain US declared independence from Great Britain because of unfair taxes A - 13 Original Colonies

US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1783 Great Britain Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) Land all the way to Mississippi was given to the US. B B - Western Lands

US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1803 France Napoleon needed $ Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans He got all of this instead! Jefferson believed that the way to prosperity was for as many Americans as possible to own their own small farms. B C - Louisiana Purchase C

Details of Louisiana Purchase Jefferson did not have Constitutional authority to purchase the land, but thought expansion important and deal too good to pass up. Congress also approved. The US only paid 4 cents an acre for the Louisiana Territory Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore the new lands.

US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1819 Spain Andrew Jackson invaded Adams-Onis Treaty-trade rights to TX for FL Spain then sold it to us for $5 million B D - Florida D C

Details on Florida Spain owned East FL and also claimed West Florida which was part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1810 and 1812 Americans simply added parts of West Florida to AL and MS – Spain took no action In 1818, Andrew Jackson invaded East FL and took over two forts. Though he had been asked to help stop Indian Raids, he was not asked to invade FL. Spain did not resist very much. In the Adams-Onis Treaty- due to Spain’s lack of resistance, John Q. Adams offered a deal. US gives up Spanish TX and Spain gives up FL.

US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1845 Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 Northerners feared it would become a slave state Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election B E - Texas D C E

Conflicts over Texas Since 1803 there was conflict over whether or not Texas was part of the Louisiana purchase – Spain claimed it was theirs. In Adams-Onis Treaty America gave up its claim. At the time few people lived there and Spain wanted it to grow, so they offered land grants. By 1830 Americans outnumbered Mexicans Mexican leader Santa Anna place tariffs on trade with the US and would not let anymore Americans migrate This angered Texans and they fought for Independence. Although they lost at the Alamo, Texas eventually won independence, and became their own country – Republic of Texas. Texas became a State in 1845 under President Polk – the north opposed Texas becoming a state because of the slave issue.

US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1846 Great Britain Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) Americans demanded “54 ° 40’ or fight!” Britain compromised 49 ° & US accepted B F - Oregon Territory D C E F

History of Oregon Territory Spain, Russia, Great Britain and the US all claimed Oregon Territory. Spain gave up rights in Adams- Onis Treaty Americans began settling in Oregon in 1830’s when reports of fertile land and economic troubles at home made the west look attractive. Gaining Oregon became a top priority during the presidential election of 1844 with slogans “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” (referring to the line of latitude of the northern border of the land they wanted). In 1846, Great Britain compromised and gave us Oregon up to 49° N.

US Territorial Expansion A When? From Where? Why? 1848 Mexico Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse War! US wins In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G B G - Mexican Cession D C E F G

War with Mexico President Polk was determined to get California and New Mexico territories from Mexico to fulfill “Manifest Destiny.” He offered to pay Mexico $30 million for the land, but Mexico refused and also said they were going to reclaim Texas. General Taylor was ordered to march on Mexican soil and when Mexico attacked them, said that Mexico had started the war. Many including a congressmen, Abraham Lincoln were upset with Polk provoking the war. After General Winfield Scott invaded Mexico City, Mexico surrendered. In Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo, and the Gadsden Purchase, Mexico ceded New Mexico, California, and parts of Arizona in exchange for $25 million.