Semiotic Analysis. Making Meaning Language (texts) a system of signs Meaning not obvious, must be elicited Signs are arbitrary –“alphabet of deaf-mutes”

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Presentation transcript:

Semiotic Analysis

Making Meaning Language (texts) a system of signs Meaning not obvious, must be elicited Signs are arbitrary –“alphabet of deaf-mutes” Relationships between signs & components of signs is key

Signs Sound-Image signifier Concept signified Relationship is arbitrary, unmotivated, unnatural

Symbols Signifier Signified Schoolhouse Education

Signs & Symbols Relationship between sign & symbol NOT wholly arbitrary Meanings of signs must be learned –Structured associations –Codes

Codes Intelligible – signifiers and signified agree

Messages & Meaning Everything sends a message –Clothing –Food –Gestures –Rituals –Texts of all kinds

Matching Meaning Connotation Figurative Signified Inferred Suggests meaning Realm of myth Denotation Literal Signifier Obvious Describes Realm of existence

Denotation Literal Signifier Obvious Describes Realm of existence Connotation Figurative Signified Inferred Suggests meaning Realm of myth

Denotation Literal Signifier Obvious Describes Realm of existence Connotation Figurative Signified Inferred Suggests meaning Realm of myth

Semiotics How meaning is created & conveyed Signs – combinations of signified & signifier Relationships between signs key –Language is social institution All is “text”

Intertextuality Conscious or unconscious Parody –Style –Genre Quote Homage

Intertextuality Metaphor –Like or as Metonomy –Implied –Association with known image Uncle Sam Cowboy hat Red rose

Codes Based in socialization –Can vary from transmitter to receiver of texts Cultural captial –Toolset for understanding codes –Some meanings easier to understand, “taken for granted”

Codes Audiences negotiate meaning –Intended meaning –Negotiated meaning –Oppositional meaning OJ LA Riots Cathy Freeman

Intertextuality & codes Appropriation Homage Signs/signified Cultural capital Social world

Codes All-pervasive Specific Clear cut Personality, social roles, institutions, ideology Genre, formula Rituals, expectations

Cinematic Technique Signifier Close-up Medium shot Full shot Long shot Definition Face Most of body Full body Setting & characters Signified Intimacy Personal relationship Social relationship Context, scope, distance

Decoding “Pulp Fiction” Looking for oppositions Character Time period/cohesion Mood Power Sexuality

Decoding “Pulp Fiction” What does the surveillance suggest? Why do both characters use drugs? What is accomplished by the “square?” What function does the car/booth serve? What is implied by hand-rolled cigarettes? What is the purpose of the dance?

Decoding “Pulp Fiction” Surveillance Camera –Power shift –Gaze (hers, ours) Subject/object transfer –Omnipresent husband/boss –Class difference –Veil Insecurity, anticipation, propriety

Decoding “Pulp Fiction” Drugs –Outsiders –Glamour Sophistication, control, expense –Insecurity –Sexual surrogate –Death Intensity, surreal, shifting consequences

Decoding “Pulp Fiction” “Square” Booth Cigarettes Dance

Short Essay There are 3 positions a “reader” can take in relationship to a “text” and its meaning. Briefly describe each of these positions, and give an example using “Pulp Fiction” or another popular text for material.