CFB Technology for Biomass Utilization in Heat and Power Generation 5 Jun 2013, Belgrade, Biomass for District Heating Systems in Serbia Vesna Barišić

Presentation outline Biomass as Energy Source Advantages of CFB Technology Challenges in Biomass Combustion Advanced Biomass CFB (ABC) Technology Selected Foster Wheeler References

Biomass as Energy Source

Growth in Biomass Utilization in Energy Production Incentives against CO2 emissions promote renewable fuels => biomass Public institutions subsidize and support biomass projects Regulatory organisms do not release permits to fire fossil fuels investors look into biomass Traditional biomass (wood-based) is costly and unavailable Agriculture residues are locally/globally available, and more economic CFB is IDEAL TECHNOLOGY for large scale power generation for broad range of biomass alone, or co-firing in larger fossil fired power plants!

Advantages of CFB Technology Fuel flexibility and multi-fuel firing Simultaneous and/or alternate use of broad range of fuel qualities Excellent emission performance DeSOx /DeNOx plants typically not required High availability & competitive price Longer boiler life and improved reliability due to low even combustion temperature

CFB Technology Offers Wide Fuel Flexibility Woody Biomass Bark Wood Chips Sawdust Forest Residues Willow/Salix Agricultural Residues Olive Waste Straw Bagasse Rice Husk Sunflower Dried Fruits etc. Waste Derived Fuels Recycled Wood/Paper/ Plastics Solid Recovered Fuel Tire Derived Fuel Sludge Pulp and Paper Mill Municipal Gas Oil Petroleum Coke Coal Anthracite Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Waste Coal Anthracite Culm Bituminous Gob Coal Slurry Oil Shale Peat CFB Technology Opens the Door to Fuel Flexibility and Carbon Neutral Fuels

Challenges in Biomass Combustion

Compared to Fossil Fuels Biomass Ash Chemistry is More Complex

Agglomeration Fouling Corrosion Challenges Associated with Biomass Combustion are Well Understood - Foster Wheeler Fuel Model - Agglomeration Fouling Corrosion

Technical Solutions for Biomass Combustion Advanced Biomass CFB (ABC) Technology Control of Fouling & Corrosion Integrated Steam Cooled Solid Separator and Return Leg Empty pass before conv. HX - Flue gas temperature - Wider spacings in width - Flue gas velocities Fully recractable sootblowers Austenitic convection SH&RH Control of Agglomeration & Fouling Conservative flue gas velocity Recirculation gas utilization for temperature control During Operation: - Fuel quality management - FW SmartBoiler datalog & Diagnostic tools Active Bed Material Normal sand + PC ash Additives Step Grid Final SH & RH as INTREX

Selected References

Foster Wheeler CFB Reference – 414 units – Polaniec Kaukas Samcheok Jyväskylä Igelsta Fortum Częstochowa

240 MWth, 73 MWe-net, 209 MWDH, 92 kg/s, 90 bar, 540°C Multifuel CFB for Clean Biomass and Waste (CHP) Igelsta, Söderenergi AB, Södertälje, Sweden 240 MWth, 73 MWe-net, 209 MWDH, 92 kg/s, 90 bar, 540°C Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 3 Biomass [%LHV] 75 30 100 Recycled Wood 70 RDF 25 Moisture [%ar] 44.3 35.6 50.0 Ash [%dry] 6.5 4.7 4.0 Nitrogen 0.6 0.8 0.5 Sulfur 0.09 0.08 0.06 Chlorine [ppmdry] 1200 800 200 LHV [MJ/kgar] 9.7 11.0 8.3 Total plant efficiency ~110%LHV  90%HHV Performance Emissions, @ 6% O2, dry NOx [mg/MJ] 35* SO2 [mg/m3n] 75 CO 50* Dust 10 NH3 ppm TOC HCl / HF 10 / 1 Cd+Tl / Hg / HMs 0.05 / 0.05 / 0.5 PCDD+F [ng/m3n] 0.1 Commercial operation: 2009 *only at 100% load with Mix 1, 2, and 3

385 MWth, 125 MWe-net, 110 MWDH, 149 kg/s, 115 bar(a), 550 °C Large Scale CFB for Clean Biomass (CHP) Kaukas, Kaukaan Voima Oy, Finland 385 MWth, 125 MWe-net, 110 MWDH, 149 kg/s, 115 bar(a), 550 °C Fuel Biomass Peat Moisture [%ar] 48 50 Ash [%dry] 2.5 5 Nitrogen 0.6 1.9 Sulfur 0.05 0.2 LHV [MJ/kgar] 9.2 8.5 Performance Biomass Flue gas Texit [°C] 149 Boiler efficiency [%] 91 NOx [mg/m3n] 150 SO2 200 CO Dust 20 Commercial operation: 2010

Wood Chips 80% + Agro 20% (Straw, Sunflower, Dry Fuits, PKS, ...) Large Scale CFB for Biomass with 20 wt-% Agro Polaniec, GFD Suez Energia Polska S.A, Poland World’s Largest Solid Biomass Fired Power Plant 447 MWth, 205 MWe, 127/20 bar(a), 535/535°C Fuel Wood Chips 80% + Agro 20% (Straw, Sunflower, Dry Fuits, PKS, ...) Moisture [%ar] 35.9 Ash [%dry] 2.8 Nitrogen 0.25 Sulfur 0.05 Chlorine [ppmdry] <396 LHV [MJ/kgar] 10.5 Performance Emissions @ 6% O2, dry NOx [mg/m3n] 150 SO2 CO 50 Dust 20 Commercial operation: 2012

Co-firing Biomass and Coal

Benefits of large scale biomass co-firing in CFB Smaller investment cost per MWe than in smaller units Higher plant efficiency than in smaller units Not dependent on biomass availability Technical challenges (AFC) reduced in co-firing

Medium Size CFB for Cofiring Biomass/Coal (CHP) Fortum, Częstochowa, Poland 182 MWth, 66 MWe, 77.2 kg/s, 111 bar(a), 515°C Fuel Coal Wood Residue Willow Mix % heat in. 75 15 10 Moisture [%ar] 12.0 45.0 Ash [%dry] 20.0 1.0 3.0 Nitrogen 2.0 0.2 0.3 Sulfur 0.5 0.0 LHV [MJ/kgar] 22.5 9.0 7.8 Performance Emissions @ 6% O2, dry NOx [mg/m3n] 200 SO2 Dust 30 Commercial operation: 2010

455 MWth, 200 MWe, 160/143 kg/s, 164/40.5 bar(a), 560/560°C Large Scale CFB for Cofiring Peat/Coal and Virgin Biomass (CHP) Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän Energia Oy, Finland 455 MWth, 200 MWe, 160/143 kg/s, 164/40.5 bar(a), 560/560°C Fuel Peat Coal Forest Residues Moisture [%ar] 50.0 9.2 Ash [%dry] 5.0 14.1 2.0 Nitrogen 1.2 2.3 0.3 Sulfur 0.4 0.0 Chlorine [ppmdry] <500 <2000 <200 LHV [MJ/kgar] 8.3 25.7 7.3 Performance Peat Flue gas Texit [°C] 90 Boiler efficiency [%] 94.1 NOx [mg/m3n] 150 SO2 200 CO Dust 30 Commercial operation: 2010

Coal & Biomass Co-Fired Supercritical CFB Project Samcheok 4 x 550 MWe 4 x 550 MWe supercritical OTU – CFB to feed 2 x 1100 MWe turbines 437/356 kg/s, 25.6/5.4 MPa, 603/603 °C Efficiency 42.4% (net) Fuel flexibility: Lignite/Subbituminous coal Wood Pellets max 5% KOSPO, Korean Southern Power Co. Ltd Foster Wheeler scope: Basic design of boiler plant and delivery of hot loop pressure parts etc. Contract Signed (NTP): June 2011 Commercial operation: 2015

Summary Biomass has an important role in reducing the environmental effects of energy production both in pure biomass plants and in coal and biomass co-combustion CFB technology is an ideal Technology to be used for large scale power generation with broad range of solid biomass fuels CFB Technology with pure biomass firing available up to 600 MWe scale and with coal co-firing up to 800 MWe scale

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