Marissa Cotelesse Discrimination-Racism

Racism and discrimination have been used as powerful weapons. They encouraging fear or hatred toward others during conflict and economic downturns. “Until the philosophy which hold one race superior and another inferior is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned...Everything is war. Me say war. That until there no longer 1st class and 2nd class citizens of any nation...Until the color of a man's skin is of no more significance than the color of his eyes, me say war. That until the basic human rights are equally guaranteed to all without regard to race me say war!” ― Bob Marley

Racism Around The World It doesn’t matter what part of the world you live in, Racism is still happening. No matter where it’s going on, it still affects people the same way. ndex.shtml

The south mostly struggled with slavery and racism during the 1800s. Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family. Jim turns out to be more humane than what the stereotypes say he is because he is “black”.

Discrimination Religious discrimination involves treating a person unfavorably because of his or her religious beliefs. The law protects people who belong to traditional and organized religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism. Also, people who have had religious, ethical, or moral beliefs.

The Understanding Race project from the American Anthropological Association says race is a powerful idea, invented by society. It has showed inequality and discrimination for centuries. It also influences how we relate to other human beings. e.html

Slave Laws Slaves in the south had no rights to them at all. They were considered personal property of their owner. Their slave master held all authority over them. They had to do what they were told, when they were told. “Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!” ― Patrick Henry

Huck and Jim Many people in this book use racial slurs dozens of times to refer to Jim and other slaves. No matter what, Huck knows that Jim is his friend and he doesn’t judge him the way other people are. He makes it his mission to free the man toward the end of the novel due to the relationship that they have developed.

Jim is first introduced very negatively. He is described as illiterate, childlike, not very bright and extremely superstitious. Huck is not racist but he has been raised by racist people who have taught him that being anything besides white is wrong.

Huck shows the morals of the society that treats him as an outcast and fails to protect him from abuse. This apprehension about society, and his growing relationship with Jim, lead Huck to question many of the teachings that he has received, especially regarding race and slavery. In the long run Huck and Jim start a relationship as friends. Jim sees Huck as a little brother that he needs to protect.

10 Facts About Racial Discrimination 1. Studies show that police are much more likely to pull over blacks or Latinos than whites. In New York City, 80 percent of the stops made by the NYPD were blacks and Latinos, and 85 percent of those people were frisked, compared to 8 percent of the white people stopped. 2.Since 1790, every U.S. census has sorted people by race. Since then, racial groupings have changed 24 times. 3. After being arrested, blacks are 33 percent more likely than whites to be detained while facing a felony trial. 4. In 2010, the U.S. Sentencing Commission reported that blacks receive 10 percent longer sentences than whites through the federal system for the same crimes. 5. African-Americans are 21 percent more likely than whites to receive mandatory minimum sentences and 20 percent more likely to be sentenced to prison than whites. 6. In a 2009 report, two-thirds of the criminals receiving life sentences were non-whites. 7. Blacks make up 57 percent of the people in state prisons. 8. The U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics concluded that a black male born in 2001 had a 32 percent chance of going to jail in his lifetime, while a Latino male has a 17 percent chance, and a white male has only 6 percent. 9. In 2012, 51 percent of Americans expressed anti-black sentiments in a poll. 10. Reports show that nearly 50 percent of Americans under 18 are minorities, but 80 percent of retirees are white. The trend projects a reversal in the population where by 2030, the majority of under 18s will be of color, and by 2042 nonwhites will be the majority of the U.S. population.

Families In Slavery Jim has one of the few healthy, functioning families in the novel. Even though he has been separated from his wife and children, he keeps the thought of a permanent separation from them to motivate his criminal act of running away from Miss Watson.

Social Networks Media is a big factor in racism. As we grow up, media becomes a huge factor in our lives. It’s a major source of how racism keeps itself active. They target blacks. Directors and writers use racial stereotypes to make a better story. “The media tend to portray all groups as having equal power - equal cultural capital. In other words, all groups who are law abiding have an equal say, and any conflict that exists can be resolved at the level of discourse through words, and finally, through the socially sanctioned route provided by another central institution.” -The Judicial System

Effects of Racism Studies show that people of color are the last hired and the first fired. This results in, budget cuts and downsizing to hurt people of color. “Most of the change we think we see in life is due to truths being in and out of favor.” -Robert Frost

Practices in the U.S. motivated by racism: Slavery: Practiced mainly in the southern U.S. until the Civil War, outlawed in the U.S. by the 13th Amendment in Job discrimination: Outlawed at the national level in Segregation: Public segregation was outlawed in Denial of Voting rights: After the Civil War, many areas in the South made it difficult for blacks to vote by selectively imposing “literacy tests”. This was also outlawed in 1964, and in the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

Weak Affirmative Action Severe penalties for those who have been found guilty of discrimination. Compensation for specific individuals who have been victims of discrimination. a comparable job.

Medium Affirmative Action It does not mean that a less qualified candidate is hired over a more qualified candidate. Special effort is made to seek out qualified minority candidates, rather than simply waiting for them to apply. “There are cultural biases built into testing, and that was one of the motivations for the concept of affirmative action - to try to balance out those effects.” -Sonia Sotomayor

Strong Affirmative Action Requiring that the racial proportions of those hired are the same as those in the relevant population. This is called “racial quotas”. Giving members of certain racial groups a bonus when considering them for hiring so that their race is considered as a positive factor.

The Emancipation Proclamation Proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states that were still in rebellion. 20,000 to 50,000 slaves in regions where rebellion had already taken place were immediately emancipated. The Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863.

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