Chapter 15 Slavery and the West Country is fighting over slavery Sectionalism grows Henry Clay proposes Missouri Compromise Preserved balance in Senate –Maine free state, Missouri SLAVE –Prohibiting slavery in the LT north of Missouri southern border **this is only a band aid..**

Conflicting Views Wilmot Proviso Proposal in Congress stating that slavery be kept out of New Mexico and California **Didn’t pass** –Direct result of Mexican Cession John C Calhoun countered Remember he is Mr. Secession!! Mr. SC Mr. Slavery

Free Soil Party Debate over slavery, candidates not taking a stand on slavery led to formation Antislavery Dem. And Whig left parties and joined Free Soil Party Free Soil nom. Martin Van Buren Whig nom. Zach Taylor –War hero from Mexican war 1848 Zachary Taylor wins He was blamed for Crisis after Jackson

California California wanted to enter as free 1849 Would upset balance of Senate Result-TALK OF SECESSION

New Compromise Compromise of Clay proposed- remember He is the “great compromiser” California enter as free New Mexico territory or (Mexican Cession) no restrictions on slavery Texas New Mexico border settled Slave trade abolished in D.C. Stronger fugitive slave code

SECTION 2 NATION DIVIDING Fugitive Slave act of 1850 – required all citizens to capture runaway slaves North- forced them to become part of the slavery issue South – made the north recognize the rights of southerners Resisted- Underground RR, rescue fleeing slaves, juries refused to convict violators of FSL 1850

Kansas Nebraska Act Douglass proposed –Dividing up area west of Missouri into Kansas and Nebraska –Abandoning Missouri Compromise and let the states carved out of terr. Vote on slavery –North objected, area been slave free for 30 years –Passed in 1854

Bleeding Kansas Pro slavery and anti slavery supporters flooded into Kansas 2 Kansas legislatures one proslavery and one antislavery Bleeding Kansas –Slavery supporters attacked anti slavery –John Brown led men and killed slavery supporters –Violence erupting –Everywhere, even in the Senate

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery Differences over slavery led to new political parties Whigs died b/c differences Republican party made up of antislavery Whigs and Democrats and Free Soil Est. of liberty and overthrow slave power!!

Election 1856 Republican candidate John C. Fremont Democratic candidate James Buchanan Know Nothings - Millard Fillmore Buchanan won!!

Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott enslaved African Claimed he should be free b/c he had lived on free soil Courts Decision –Chief Justice Taney ruled Scott still a slave –Enslaved person was property –Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in territories, making Missouri Compromise unconstitutional –Popular sovereignty could not ban slavery either –**reaction Republicans were outraged**

Harper’s Ferry John Brown abolitionist led a raid on Harpers Ferry VA, an arsenal Brown captured and sentenced to hang John Brown’s death became a rallying point for abolitionists

Sec 4 Secession and War Election of 1860 Democratic party split- Northern wing nominated Stephen Douglas Southern Demos John Breckenridge ( proslavery) Republicans nom Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln Elected B/C Democrats divided, Lincoln won Lincoln’s name was not on southern ballots His election rocked the South. Republican=antislavery

South secedes December 20, Southern states secede –Beginning with South Carolina Confederate states of America is formed –Jefferson Davis President –Justified secession with theory of states rights Northern reaction varied Some wanted them to leave Most believed that the Union must be preserved

Ft. Sumter Confederate forces demanded the surrender of Ft. Sumter Lincoln sent an unarmed expedition w/supplies to the Fort Confederate forces attacked Ft. Sumter before the supplies could arrive April 12, 1861 Ft. Sumter surrendered on April 14