THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES SEMINAR 12

REVIEW QUESTIONS How did slavery in Biblical and classic periods differ from that of modern slavery? Which aspects of Elizabethan culture explain the rise of slave-trade? Describe the route or elements of the Triangular Trade Name the causes why slavery was institutionalized in America

Which of these are pro-slavery arguments and examples of the Black Revolution view? Slavery is a positive good Christ did not condemn slavery Slavery is a holocaust Slavery is modeled after the Southern family African culture was not completely lost, i.e. hoodoo Chattel slavery equals social death

SOURCE ANALYSIS Republican Party platform Democratic Party platform Crittenden Resolution Sullivan Balou Gettysburg Address Y GR Y

Slavery as a cause of the Civil War Moral crisis: Abolitionism: William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator Frederick Douglass: Narrative Harriet Jacobs, Sojourner Truth Uncle Tom’s Cabin: wholesale condemnation of slavery

Slave narrative Authenticity, credibility Language, dialect The author writes himself or herself into being From chattel to identity Robert Stepto ascension and immersion narratives Ascension. Going North, Immersion: escaping to southern African-American culture. The Narrative of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845)

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN 1850, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lyman Beecher Uncle Tom: a Christ figure set against the cruelty of Simon Legree Domestic novel Sentimental novel Slavery is a morally condemned institution

Slavery as a cause of the Civil War Political crisis: Popular sovereignty: people decide whether slavery be allowed in the new territories or not Compromise of 1850 Bleeding Kansas : Rise of the Republican Party

Slavery as a cause of the Civil War Constitutional-legal crisis Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Dred Scott, freed by his owner, a doctor, moves with the doctor to Wisconsin, once free always free Following the doctor’s death returns to Missouri State of Missouri does not recognize his freedom, considers him a slave

Slavery as a cause of the Civil War Case reaches Supreme Court: Chief Justice Taney Issue: Should a southern state recognize freedom given to one of its slaves? Decision: Scott has no standing (right to sue, as he is a slave, not a person) Slavery should not have been outlawed in Wisconsin, thus the Missouri Compromise is declared unconstitutional

THE CIVIL WAR Abraham Lincoln: inaugurated on March 4, 1861 Promise: would not interfere with slavery where it existed April 12: Fort Sumter is attacked Lincoln calls on volunteers to save the Union Divided family, Lincoln’s brothers-in-law fought for the Confederacy

North was stronger than the South both by material resources, technology, military capability One problem: the only way to win the war is to invade the South Southern advantages: better trained soldiers, more able generals fighting on and for their own land

Southerners denied that they were fighting for slavery—they were fighting for independence from the North Two main theaters (sites of military events): Virginia and the Mississippi Valley Turning point: Battle at Gettysburg, June 1863 Appomatox : April 9, 1865 end of fighting

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate that portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, cannot consecrate this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power. The World will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living to resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from this earth

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS A reaffirmation of the Declaration of Independence Giving a reason for fighting in the war A sermon Religious references

THE RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR The elimination of slavery The reaffirmation of the nation’s unity The U.S. is one nation whose parts cannot be separated