North and South Take Different Paths: By the early 1800’s the North had become reliant on Industry and Commerce, where the south had gone towards plantation farming. --Northern Cities had grown Rapidly--Railroads/Canals. --Southern– A few wealthy planters controlled Southern Society. Anti-Slavery and Racism: In the North Anti-Slavery movements had gained Steam. Despite this most Northerners were still very Racist (refused to eat, work, or live near blacks). -Slaveholders and Southerners defended Slavery  They felt that it was their right and way of life. The Wilmot Proviso- Many Northerners believed that Southerners wanted to take territory from Mexico in order to extend Slavery. -Outlawed Slavery in any territory the U.S. might gain from war with Mexico. -South Said it was unconstitutional “Property”  Blocked in the Senate. Free Soil Party: A Political Party dedicated to stopping the expansion of Slavery. Made Slavery a key issue in politics. Controversy over Territories: California would tip the balance of states if it came in as a “Free State” like it wanted to They were to become a state.

The Compromise of 1850: Henry Clay set to work to create a compromise. His plan would be known as the Compromise of It had 2 parts. 1.To Please the North California would be admitted as a free state, and slavery would be abolished in the District of Columbia. 2. To Please the South, Congress would not pass law as regarding slavery for the rest of the territories won from Mexico, and pass a stronger law to help slave owners recapture runaway slaves.

The Fugitive Slave Act --The 1850 Law to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. Southerners- Felt that it was justified because slaves were property. Northerners- Resented it, it required them to cooperate with catching slaves, and also the Southerners sometimes went after free blacks.

By Harriet Beecher Stowe  Expressed the moral issue of slavery.

This was a bill drafted to split the Nebraska Territory into two territories with governments (Kansas and Nebraska)  The issue of slavery would be decided by the residents of each area by a vote. It got rid of the Missouri Compromise.

Pro Slavery and Anti-Slavery settlers rushed into the Kansas Territory to vote on the legislature. 5,000 Missourians voted Illegally making the legislature pro- slavery.

John Brown was an extreme abolitionist  Went around to the cabins of pro-slavery neighbors and murdered 5 people.

Preston Brooks of South Carolina beats Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane.

Northerners joined with other opponents of Slavery to form the Republican Party. -Believed they had an excellent opportunity to gain seats in congress and win the presidency. John C. Freemont Young Man nominated by Republicans to run for Presidency in He had been a great explorer of the West.

The Democrats nominated James Buchanan 3 rd Party= Millard Fillmore. Buchanan won  Freemont won 11 Northern States.

Dred Scott- A slave who sued for his freedom and lost  Not a U.S. Citizen  Could not use Supreme Court. Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.

-Lincoln challenged Douglas for his Illinois seat in the Senate. -Lincoln argued that slavery could not spread. -Douglas said it was individual states rights. -Douglas won the re-election  Lincoln burst onto the political scene.

John Brown wanted to inspire slaves to fight for their freedom. -He planned to capture the weapons at the U.S. Arsenal at Harpers Ferry Virginia. -Captured the Arsenal  10 men were killed on Brown’s Side. He was captured. -Tried Convicted and hung  Northerners saluted this and cheered Brown. -Southerners were outraged at Northern Reaction. Young Robert E. Lee

Lincoln did not want slavery to spread, Southerners feared that he wanted to end slavery all together. 4-Party Election Lincoln won the election, southerners felt that this threatened their way of life.

Southerners argued that the states had voluntarily joined the union therefore, they claimed that they also had the right to leave the union. On December 20 South Carolina became the 1 st State to Secede. 6-More Seceded over the next 6-weeks

Confederate States of America: Jefferson Davis

Considered Secession to be Unconstitutional. Said states did not have this power. Then they said that Southerners were unwilling to compromise. Compromise Fails