QUICK HISTORY Portugal – 1 st in slave trade Sugar plantations need lots of labor Cash crops are usually labor intensive! By 18 th Century, 9/10 slaves.

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Presentation transcript:

QUICK HISTORY Portugal – 1 st in slave trade Sugar plantations need lots of labor Cash crops are usually labor intensive! By 18 th Century, 9/10 slaves are working on plantations.

Europeans still going to Africa for gold Also looking for black gold. What does that mean?

Coffles

* Some ate clay * Slaves were marched from the interior of Africa to Port Cities (2 months)

BARRACCONS —n—n (formerly) a temporary place of confinement for slaves or convicts, esp those awaiting transportation [C19: from Spanish barracón, from barracahut, from Catalan

* Slaves were branded at this time

 Chains  2-3 week wait before ship is full  Confined below deck Suicide and uprisings most likely at this time Hot coals used to burn lips. Why? Women raped and sent below the deck again

ArrayArray  Ship captains would try to get slaves with different cultures and languages  ½ year away from home to new “residence”  Climate  Food  Everything

SURVIVING THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 10% – 20% dies crossing the Atlantic Ocean

First African slaves in America brought to Jamestown in 1619 Slavery institutionalized in many states by 1640 Slaves became “chattel” property

 "... each of them are natives of Africa and were born free, and ever since have been and still of right are and ought to be free and not slaves..."  S. Staples, R. Baldwin, and T. Sedgewick, Proctors for the Amistad Africans, January 7, 1840

* We are more alike than different. No human is more human than another. * Maya Angelou