Race Relations in America Blacks and Whites Duration of Slavery: 246 years Jamestown Virginia 1619 Civil War End: Thirteenth Amendment 1865

The Constitution of the United States of America & Black Slavery

The Preamble of The Constitution of the United States of America We the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states of America.

From British Colonies into American United States BRITISH COLONIES: SLAVERY & ANGLO SAXON RULE RULING WHITE ELITE From British Colonies into American United States AMERICAN STATES: SLAVERY & ANGLO SAXON RULE RULING WHITE ELITE

Distribution of political power between the White Male Elites. Article I Section 2. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.

American Slave Trade Article I Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year 1808, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding 10 dollars for each person.

Criminalization of Black Freedom Seekers Article IV Section 2. No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therin, be discharged from such service of labour, but shall be delivered upon claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due.

(1787) Framers Belief: Political Rule by White male Property Owners

Race and Class Stratification 1860 1. Wealthy Whites 2. Middle Class Whites RACE LINE 3. Poor Whites 4. Non-slave Blacks 5. Black Slaves

Class, Occupation, and Education 1 Large Owners Business owners, lawyers, politicians HS or college 2 Small owners Farmers, skilled workers, teachers HS, apprentice 3 Little property Unskilled laborers Elementary schooling 4 Few possessions Lowest paid laborers illiterate 5 No possessions Slave laborers forbidden

Constitutional Change toward Inclusion of Black People Civil War Amendments 13. 1865 Abolishment of slavery 14. 1868 Citizenship rights and equal protection for Blacks 15. 1870 Protection of voting rights for Black men

Constitutional Change toward Inclusion of Women and Youth Two Twentieth Century Amendments 19. 1920 Voting rights for women 26. 1971 Voting rights for youth (18 years old)

Duration of Government Enforced Segregation Official Segregation Period: 103 Years Abolition of Slavery 1865 Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968

Illusion of Equality: Subtle Discrimination Duration of Hidden Discrimination: 1968-2009 (41 Years) Residential Segregation: Racial Steering; Redlining Double Standards: Education & Job evaluation