Bell Work: 1/6/12 Directions: Write the answer true or false for each statement below. Particles move into and out of cells by passing through the nucleus. Particles can move through the membrane in two ways: by active transport and passive transport. Passive transport needs energy from food to move the particles. A semi-permeable membrane allows only some particles to pass. Directions: Choose a word from the word bank below that describes each statement. The movement of particles from an area of high concentration (crowded) to an area of low concentration (less crowded) until both sides are equal. The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis diffusion

Important Review: Diffusion: Particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration Water, food, and oxygen are examples of things that MUST move into the cell so that it survives. Wastes MUST move out of the cell so that it survives. Molecules will move in and out of the cell so that an equilibrium is reached. There must always be an equal balance on both sides of the cell membrane. The cell membrane is Selectively Permeable- some things are allowed to go through it and others are not. Osmosis is a type of Diffusion. Water molecules are diffused in and out of a cell. It DOES occur in plant and animal cells. Osmosis and Diffusion require passive transport of materials. Energy is NOT needed- just happens! Active transport is when ENERGY is needed!

Objectives Explain how materials move through simple diffusion. (SPI 0707.1.5) Diffusion/Osmosis Lab Compare the chemical compounds that make up the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (SPI 0707.3.1) Interpret a diagram to explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between living things and the environment. (SPI 0707.3.2)

It’s Time For… Science Friday!

Diffusion Lab Questions The plastic bag is semipermeable to which substance? Why did the iodine enter the bag? Why didn’t the starch enter the beaker? How is the plastic bag like the cell membrane? What is the definition of the word “diffusion”?

Meatloaf 6 ounces garlic-flavored croutons 1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper 1/2 teaspoon cayenne pepper 1 teaspoon chili powder 1 teaspoon dried thyme 1/2 onion, roughly chopped 1 carrot, peeled and broken 3 whole cloves garlic 1/2 red bell pepper 18 ounces ground chuck 18 ounces ground sirloin 1 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt 1 egg

What is photosynthesis? ____________ is the process by which plants make their own food. The word photosynthesis means – combine with _______ or _______ by light. Photosynthesis light made 7

Where does photosynthesis occur? Photosynthesis occurs in the ________ of a plant. More specifically- in the ___________. leaves chloroplasts Chloroplasts 8

Chloroplast are organelles in a plant cell. 9

Inside of the chloroplast _____________ is found in the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is the ___________ that makes the plant _________. Chlorophyll __________ light energy. Chlorophyll pigment green absorbs 10

Photosynthesis needs and products: Plants use the ______ energy captured by chlorophyll to change ______ ______ and _______ to food. The food is in the form of a sugar called __________ (C6H12O6). Photosynthesis also produces ________. light carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen 11

How does photosynthesis help us? During the process of photosynthesis, oxygen is produced. We use this oxygen to breathe. We also receive energy from the plant when we eat plants. 12

Reactants vs. Products Reactants are what you need to make something- The reactants for photosynthesis are Sunlight, Carbon Dioxide and Water. Products are what you make- The products for photosynthesis are Glucose (sugar) and Oxygen. 13

EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS 14

Where does the food (glucose) go next? Discuss with an elbow partner. The glucose is transported from the chloroplast to the “Power House,” or mitochondria. The Mitochondrion are where cellular respiration take place.

Brain Pop

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction that occurs in cells. During cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. Food (glucose) is broken down into CO and H O, and energy is released. The released energy is used to maintain body temperature in animals. It is also used to form ATP, which supplies energy that fuels cell activities. ² ² 17

The Connection Between Photosynthesis and Respiration 18

Reactants vs. Products Reactants are what you need to make something- The reactants for cellular respiration are Glucose (sugar) and Oxygen. Products are what you make- The products for cellular respiration are Carbon Dioxide, Water and ATP. 19

EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION 20

Alternative to Cellular Respiration Fermentation produces ATP without using oxygen. It can occur in muscles when they are unable to get oxygen for respiration. Fermentation also produces lactic acid. This acid can cause muscle fatigue. 21

Scientist Notebook Drawing Draw, color, and label a diagram to explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between living things and the environment.

Oxygen Carbon Dioxide