Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Matter and Change Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 What is Matter? Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass- measure of the amount of matter NOT Weight – it is due to gravity, and changes from location to location; mass is always constant. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Properties Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the composition. Examples- color, hardness, m.p., b.p. Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Physical Change A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. Example: Phase Changes Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Phase Differences Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions. Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Three Phases Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Copper Phases - Solid Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Copper Phases - Liquid Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Copper Phases – Vapor (gas) Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 States of Matter Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Temp. increase Com-pressible? Small Expans. Solid YES YES NO Small Expans. Liquid NO NO YES Large Expans. Gas NO NO YES Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Condense Freeze Melt Evaporate SUBLIMATION Solid Liquid Gas Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Chemical Change A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. Heat and light are often evidence of a chemical change. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Types of Matter Substance- pure matter that is uniform (all the same) and has a definite composition (examples are elements & compounds) Mixture- more than one kind of matter; has a variable composition Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Classification of Matter Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Mixtures Physical blend of at least two substances; variable composition Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil. Homogeneous- same composition throughout; called “solutions” Kool-aid, air, salt water Every part keeps it’s own properties. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Separation of a Heterogeneous Mixture The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Solutions Homogeneous mixture Mixed molecule by molecule Can occur between any state of matter gas in gas; liquid in gas; gas in liquid; solid in liquid; solid in solid (alloys), etc. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Solutions Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of the components. Some can be separated easily by physical means: rocks and marbles, iron filings and sulfur Other methods: distillation- takes advantage of different boiling points Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Separation of a Homogeneous Mixture Distillation Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Classification of Matter Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Atom The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element Element A pure substance made of only one kind of atom Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Compound A substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Sucrose – C12H22O11 Sucrose is also known as table sugar, and is used to make Gummy Bears! Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Separation of a Compound The Electrolysis of water Compounds must be separated by chemical means. With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements Reactant  Products Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen H2O  H2 + O2 Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010

Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010 Compound or Mixture Compound Mixture Made of one kind of material Made of more than one kind of material Made by a chemical change physical change Definite composition Variable Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010