Farah Abdullah Stephen Adams Noor Emir Anuar Paul Davis Zherui Guo Steve McCabe Zack Means Mizuki Wada Askar Yessirkepov 1

Mission Statement Implement advanced technologies to design a future large commercial airliner (200 passenger minimum) that simultaneously addresses all of the N+2 goals for noise, emissions and fuel burn as set forth by NASA. These NASA goals include: Reduce noise by 42 dB below stage 4 certification noise measurements at takeoff, sideline, and approach Reduce landing and takeoff NO x by 75% below CAEP6 Reduce fuel burn by 50% relative to a “large twin-aisle reference” Reduce field length by 50% relative to a “large twin-aisle reference” Use market driven parameters to design a realistic and desirable aircraft. 2

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4 Demand for commercial aviation services will grow at an annual rate of 3.2 percent The long-range forecast anticipates delivery of 30,900 airplanes by 2029 New airplanes over the next 20 years are valued at $3.6 trillion The twin-aisle market is the fastest growing segment of the market: 23 percent of the delivery units 45 percent of the delivery dollars High fuel costs are compelling airlines to accelerate replacement of older airplanes for newer fuel efficient airplanes Boeing, “Current market outlook ”, [ Accessed 25 Jan, 2011]

This segment is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 4.4 percent The twin-aisle fleet will grow from 3,500 airplanes in operation today to 8,260 airplanes in 2029 In 20 years, much of the in-service fleet will be newer aircraft, which offer more passenger comfort, improved efficiency, and better environmental performance than the airplanes they replace New aircrafts will spur airlines to trade up as airplanes in the 767 and A330 size category begin to reach retirement age Boeing, “Current market outlook ”, [ Accessed 25 Jan, 2011] 5

Regional Market Similarities in market predictions 6

Regional Market After 3 major domestic markets, many major international routes with high demands 7 Major Routes US-West Europe PRC-West Europe South America-West Europe Asia-West Europe Middle East-West Europe Asia PRC PRC-US Asia-US Middle East-US Airbus Market Outlook

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Competitors B787-8 Replace B ER, B ER and possibly B (on shorter routes) 9 * indicating aircraft will need replacement

Competitors B787-8 will be have no competition for small twin aisle aircraft carrying passengers Compete against B787-8, assuming the proliferation of point to point model as opposed to hub and spoke distribution Smaller, long range, efficient aircraft offers economical option to open up markets into low volume city pairs. 10

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Representative city-pairs City Pairs DistanceMin. Runway Length Beijing - Berlin3977 nmi5200 ft Beijing – Los Angeles5437 nmi8925 ft Beijing – Honolulu 4398 nmi6952 ft Tokyo – Honolulu 3318 nmi6952 ft Tokyo – San Francisco 4470 nmi7500 ft Tokyo – Paris 5256 nmi11811 ft New York – London2999 nmi4984 ft New York - Munich3830 nmi8400 ft New York - Dubai 5946nmi8400 ft 12

Design Mission Max design range : 6500nm Covers whether issues Max capacity : 250 passengers Max cruise Mach : 0.85 Cruise Altitude : 35000ft 13 Taxi and take off Climb Cruise Land and taxi Missed approach 2 nd Climb Divert to alternate Loiter (25min.) Loiter (25 min.) Land and taxi Designed Range 6000nm Dubai New York 200nm : Basic Mission 7-13: Reserve Segment Satisfy FAA requirement of min. 45 min additional cruise for night time flights

14 Alternate Mission Mission Range: 2400nm Max capacity : 300 passengers Max cruise Mach : 0.85 Cruise Altitude : 30000ft 14 Taxi and take off Climb Cruise Land and taxi Missed approach 2 nd Climb Divert to alternate Loiter (25min.) Loiter (25 min.) Land and taxi Designed Range 2400nm Seattle Miami 100nm : Basic Mission 7-13: Reserve Segment High Capacity Medium Haul Aircraft

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Requirements AirlinePassengersAuthority/Public Airport Compatible Low Operations Cost Low Maintenance Cost Reliability Low Fuel Burn Operational Life Range Safe Aircraft Affordable Ticket Price Comfort Cargo Space Fast Travel Time NASA Requirements Nox Emissions Noise Level Safety and Airworthiness CFR 16

House Of Quality 17

Requirements Important Attributes 18 Airport Compatibility Reliability Safety NASA Competition ERA N+2 Requirements

Compliance Matrix 19 CurrentTargetThresholdReference Values Noise Levels266 dB cum.230 dB cum.246 dB (-20 dB)Airbus A LTO NO x Emissions 26 kg/LTO6.5 kg/LTO (-75%)13 kg/LTO (-50%)Boeing Fuel Burn2800 kg/hr cruise1400 kg/hr (-50%)1820 kg/hr (-35%)Airbus A Field Length* ft ft ftBoeing Max Payload Range 6560 nmi6000 nmiBoeing Cruise 35,000 35,000 35,000 ftBoeing Passengers270>200Boeing * Field length values only for LTO

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Technologies/Advanced concepts 21 Technology Pro(s)Con(s) Propulsion Airframe Aeroacoustics (Chevron nozzle) reduces noise by 1.1 db weight/fuel penalty Noise shielding on landing gear and highlift devices large noise reduction weight/fuel penalty Ultra high bypass engine (propfan) 35% better fuel efficiency high noise penalty Electric Aircraft Drive systems, Hybrid turbine-electric engines high fuel and power generation efficiency storage of Hydrogen is problematic Composite body lower weight, better strength higher initial cost, maintenance costs Active Engine Control and Health monitoring better fuel economy and engine lifespan greater electronic complexity And others…

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Current Sizing Tools Empty Weight Prediction for Jet Transports This equation is from Raymer Table 3.1 Fuel Weight Prediction Requires fuel burn prediction and drag prediction

Current Sizing Tools Drag Prediction Use similar existing aircraft AR to estimate (L/D) cruise for subsonic aircraft This equation is from Nicolai Figure 5.3

Current Sizing Tools Fuel Weight Prediction Use Breguet range equation and endurance equation Total Fuel Add 1% for trapped fuel

Sizing Calibration Baseline Aircraft Boeing ER

Payload and Range

Published Data

More Published Data

Predictions Using Sizing Tool Noncalibrated Weights Calibrated Weights TOGW lb Empty Weight lb Fuel Weight lb Payload Weight44000 lb TOGW lb Empty Weight lb Fuel Weight lb Payload Weight38720 lb

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Next Steps Refine sizing code Powerplants Thrust-to-weight improvements Aerodynamic designs Airfoil design / Finite wing design Fuselage CAD Model of aircraft Estimation of new technologies on specifications 32