Early Cold War Impacts on Foreign & Domestic Policy ( ) – Chapters 25 & 26 A “bi-polar” struggle for world hegemony develops after WWII between US & USSR that promotes a climate of fear domestically and dominates American foreign policy The Cold War: Crash Course US History #37

After WWII, alliance with USSR quickly disintegrates and US leaders are determined to “learn lessons of history” and avoid “appeasement” of Stalin. Following Yalta & Potsdam conferences, US distrusts Soviet intentions and decides to play more active international post-war role to stop (“Contain”) the perceived threat of communist expansion. A political & military competition known as the “Cold War” begins. What do cartoons illustrate about US & Soviet attitudes at the start of Cold War?

What do cartoons illustrate about US & Soviet attitudes regarding the US “containment” policy?

US “containment” policy in Europe Takes Shape Terms to Know: Iron Curtain, Satellite Nations, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift

Race To Build Alliances & Military Arsenal in name of peace Examples: NATO, Warsaw Pact, NSC-68

Cold War soon spreads from Europe to other parts of the world and a “1st, 2nd & 3rd World” competition evolves. Both US & USSR attempt to influence the “3 rd World”. How might the US try to influence “3 rd World” nations? Hint: Money, Military & Spies

US Containment policy in Asia from 1945 to 1953 Terms to Know: Mao Zedong & Jiang Jieshi, 38 th Parallel, Inchon Landing, Yalu River, Firing of Mac Arthur

What was Eisenhower's “New Look” Cold War foreign policy and what were its advantages & disadvantages? Brinkmanship, John Foster Dulles, CIA, “Mutually Assured Destruction”, U-2 Incident

Meanwhile…Domestically, American Cold War Concerns Enhanced by Government Policies Create Climate of Fear & Paranoia Ex: “Duck & Cover” Drills in schools (watch 0-3:30)

Communist expansion overseas & into space brings fear of communist “menace” to America resulting in increased spending on defense Ex: National Defense Highway Act, National Defense Education Act What are positive & negative impacts?

Other Examples of Domestic Fear of Communism: House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Hearings Begin 1947 Ordinary Americans pp “No American Is Safe”

Another example: Trial & conviction of federal workers Julius & Ethel Rosenberg for sharing atomic secrets with USSR makes “infiltration” of Communists seem real. Couple executed in 1953 based on controversial evidence

Most famous example of Early Cold War Fear: “McCarthyism” Phenomenon Based on Actions of Senator Joseph McCarthy Illustrates Fear & Paranoia Definition: Unfairly accusing people of disloyalty made possible be a climate of fear What criticisms of “McCarthyism” are Cartoons making?

“We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason if we dig deep in our history and doctrine and remember that we are not descended from fearful men, not from men who feared to write, to speak, to associate and to defend causes which were for the moment unpopular. We can deny our heritage and our history, but we cannot escape responsibility for the result. There is no way for a citizen of the Republic to abdicate his responsibility.“ Edward R. Murrow on national TV March, 1954 TV Journalist Edward R. Murrow Takes risk for freedom of speech and publicly criticizes “McCarthyism” (6 minutes of “Murrow vs. McCarthy” documentary)

Post War American Culture & Society Documents Chapter 26: Triumph of the Middle Class ( ) (pp ) Era of Affluence, Conformity & Anxiety The Century: America’s Time Happy Daze (Part 1 & 3) 15 minutes each: