 Osteokinematic Motion-movement done under voluntary control AKA classical physiological motion.  Daily we perform osteokinematic movements like flexion and extension  We can do these motions in isometric, isotonic or isokinetic exercise.

 End Feel-end of joints passive ROM when slight pressure is applied by an examiner.  Boney/Hard End Feel- hard and abrupt limit in joint motion.(elbow extension)  Capsular End Feel- hard, leather like limitation of motion that has a slight give. (shoulder motions)  Empty End Feel- lack of mechanical limitation of joint range of motion. (when there is pain or injury)  Lets try it!!

 Springy Block- rebound movement felt at the end of the ROM.(torn cartilage)  Soft tissue Approximation- body segment prevents further ROM( elbow flexion)  Muscle Guarding- reflex muscle spasm during motion, it is a protective response seen with acute injuries.  Lets try it!!!!

 Arthrokinematic Motion- the manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move on each other during osteokinematic joint movement.  So osteokinematic motion is referred to as joint motion and arthrokinematic motion is joint surface motion.

 Joint surface shapes  Joints usually have a concave and convex bone end.

 Joint surface shapes  Ovoid joint is one that has a concave and convex bone. It has a large Range of Motion (ROM) which allows the joint to be smaller, but these are the more common joint.  Saddle Joint is two bones with the same shape moving together. The thumb (CMP) joint is an example

 Classification of Synovial Joints  Pivot Joint- freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a central axis, ex: radius and ulna  Gliding Joint- allows bones to make a sliding motion, ex: joints in the carpals of the wrist and tarsals of the ankle.  Hinge Joint- allows flexion and extension, ex: knee, elbow, fingers

 Classification of Synovial Joints  Condyloid Joint- where bones can move about one another in many directions, but cannot rotate. A Condyle fit into a fossa. Ex: ulna/radius to wrist bones  Ball and Socket Joint- rounded end that fits into a concave cavity on another bone. Ex: hips and shoulders  Saddle Joint- both concave or convex surface, ONLY Ex: thumbs

 Motion Terminology  Joint Mobilization- passive oscillation or sustained stretch applied at a slow speed  Manipulation- passive movement applied with a very forceful move in a short range of motion.

 Types of arthrokinematic movement:  Roll- one joint on another. Like you the ball of your foot across the ground. New points come into contact throughout the motion.  Glide/Slide- linear movement of joint parallels to adjoining joint surface. Like an ice skaters blade.  Spin- rotation of movable joint surface on fixed surface. Like a top spinning on a table.  Lets read page 29 in the text

 Concave/ Convex Rule  Concave joint surface moves in same direction as body segment motion. Like a finger  Convex joint surface moves in the opposite direction as body segment motion. Like the humerus.

 Joint Congruency  Each joint has one position that it is congruent, or has the maximum contact with its adjacent joint. In this position they are tightly compressed and difficult to distract.  This is the position the ligaments hold the joint most stable. It is also called close pack position

 Joint Congruency  Incongruent positions are any other position. They are less stable positions and where the joint is most mobile. Also called resting position It is the open packed position. which position would we doing joint mobilization in?

 Accessory Motion Forces-Joint Mobilization  Traction- occurs when external pulls the joint apart.  Assist in the mobility of a joint

 Accessory Motion Forces-Joint Mobilization  Compression- external force is exerted on a joint and it is pushed together.  Assist in the stability of a joint

 Accessory Motion Forces-Joint Mobilization  Shear force occurs parallel to the joint and is a gliding motion of the joint.  This often occurs with traction to create mobility

 Accessory Motion Forces-Joint Mobilization  Bending compresses one side and puts traction on the other side.  Rotating compresses one side and shears the other.  Massage video to look at some forces.  Lab Packet