Spatial Decisions NEED FOR DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT 19 September GIS Asia. Hanoi Kapil Chaudhery Spatial Decisions VIETNAM: 68c Tran Quang Dieu, Dong Da, Hanoi INDIA: B30 Kailash Colony, New Delhi

Spatial Decisions Introduction  The number of natural disasters are increasing over the last three decades.  Many of the developing countries of the Asia and the Pacific are situated in the world’s hazard belts and are subject to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, windstorms, tidal waves and land slides.  Vulnerability to disasters has increased due to the increased aggregation of people in urban centers and a lack of planning and preparedness. No. of flood events reported (world wide) source: Floods are the most common climate-related disaster in this region and include seasonal floods, flash floods, urban floods floods associated with tidal events induced by typhoons in coastal areas.

Spatial Decisions Flooding in the Thach Thinh distract of Vietnam October 6, 2007 (source: Reuters photos) Source: Oct 7, 2007Sept 30, 2007 flood Introduction

Spatial Decisions Background  Vietnam is located in the tropical monsoon area.  Frequent tropical cyclones are prevalent mostly in the northern and central part of the country and cause flood and inundation.  The low coastal topography of this region is the reason of its exposure to the high wind and storm surges during cyclone.  Sometimes the cyclones generate from the northwest pacific, travel through the Philippines and enters the Indochinese mainland through Vietnam.  Annually, on an average, 8 cyclones or typhoons strike the Vietnam coast; most of them occurring during July to October.  Vietnam is characterized by very high annual rainfall ( mm). 70% - 80% of the annual rainfall occurs during the 3-6 months period of rainy season. Intense rainfall causes rapid rate of run off and consequently flooding.  Heavy rainfall and discharge from the upper Mekong river region causes flood in the Mekong delta region in the southern Vietnam

Spatial Decisions Vietnam is highly vulnerable in terms of hydrological disasters And There is a urgent need of efficient integrated disaster risk management system for Information Communication and DSS Background

Spatial Decisions RS/GIS Remote Sensing (RS) & Geographical Information system (GIS): A geographic approach to understand and manage our earth Measure Analyze Model Plan Decision & Action Efficient Cost effective Better understanding For better Communication Collaboration Decision Making

Spatial Decisions Integrated Emergency Planning Geo-Spatial Experts (study, analyze and predict flood risk) Field Surveyor (Collects relevant data at regular interval) Local Authority (Coordination, communication and management) Editor segment People (Accessing information about the event) User segment The web Admin segment (Service creation and modification and control the visibility of the web)

Spatial Decisions Editor Segment The editor captures, creates and edits the raw data and presents them into suitable information for the users. 1. Data capture and geo-processing. 2. Ancillary data collection. 3. Image cataloguing and Image analysis. 4. Basic map generation. 5. Robust ancillary data entry in a pre- designed DBMS. PHASE - I 1. Tools for Early warning and forecasting: Flood trend map, short period flood warning & real time water level. 2. Tools for Flood risk map. 3. Tools for Rehabilitation location map 4. Tools for Important infrastructure map. PHASE - II Report generation tool PHASE - III

Spatial Decisions Phase – I Spatial Data Satellite sensor Data. Land use Transportation Demography Topography Hydrology Soil Non -Spatial Data Other Tabular Data Meteorology Infrastructure GIS

Spatial Decisions Phase – II Tool for early warning & forecasting 1. Analyze the historic satellite sensor data of past flood events in different years. 2. Map the flooded areas for different years. 3. Then it is possible to identify the areas under flood threat and need more attention in flood management. 4. Also the database can be updated accordingly. A A A A B B B B

Spatial Decisions User Segment Service: Flood trend map The map shows the extent to which different areas are prone to flood from overflowing rivers and exceptionally high seas.

Spatial Decisions User Segment Service: Short period Flood Warning (During flooding) Day: 5 Day: 1 Day: 7 Day: 3 Low risk Medium risk High risk

Spatial Decisions User Segment Enter the location or click on the map Service: River & Sea levels Location Ha Noi Lao Cai etc River level selection Map source:

Spatial Decisions User Segment Normal range Current level Flooding possible Highest recorded Time Water level at Hoa Binh Water level height Service: River & Sea levels

Spatial Decisions Phase – II Flood Hazard Critical Hydraulic condition Area Vulnerability Chance of being exposed to flood People Vulnerability Ability to respond to flood X Number of people at risk = Flood Risks to people + + Flood Risk Flood Hazard - Depth of flooding - Velocity of flood water - Debris factor Area Vulnerability - Speed of onset - Nature of the area - Flood warning - Distance from river/ coast - Age group People Vulnerability Tools for Flood risk map

Spatial Decisions User Segment Flood maps and flood warning areas derived form previous flood events categorized according to the causes of flood. Maps depicting different flood risk zones. Select Flood map Flood risk map Enter the location or click on the map Province Thanh Hoa Lao Cai … Select year Select Flooding from river Flooding from sea Flooding from cyclone

Spatial Decisions User Segment Query based indicative river and coastal flood maps In further detail the flood related maps can be meshed up with the existing detailed base maps available as OGC compliant services. Flood maps: Am I at risk of flood?

Spatial Decisions User Segment Flood Risk Map 1. Calculate flood hazard can be mathematically using existing models. 2. Find and categorize exposure and vulnerability from demographic information and information about essential infrastructures. 3. Categorize the extent and severity of damage from the amount of loss of life and property. All together defines the risk of flood of a particular area.

Spatial Decisions User Segment Rehabilitation Map Location Can Tho Lao Cai etc On the basis of flood maps the locations for the rehabilitation centers can be mapped, where people can shift their settlement during the flood. Those are the area with comparatively higher elevation and less prone to flooding. Flooded/ flood warning area Rehabilitation centers

Spatial Decisions User Segment Important infrastructure map It is possible to identify which areas of prime importance are at risk of flooding. Source: Map of Mobile area electric power infrastructure at risk due to hypothetical hurricane scenario

Spatial Decisions Phase - III Report generation On the basis of the collected ancillary data and the data generated during the analysis of the event it is possible to generate report on different aspects of the event such as losses of life and property. DistrictCommuneArea where crop loss >70% (Ha) Loss of Livestock Area inundated/ district (Ha) Sample of database: account of the loss of property due to flooding

Spatial Decisions Way forward  Sustained Training and capacity building.  Collaborative work environment ( more public private partnership).  NSDI will be great.  Data distribution is a challenge but information distribution should not stop.  Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction.

Spatial Decisions