Precipitation Interception Throughfall Stemflow Evaporation Transpiration Evaporation Ocean Lake Ground water Overland flow Return flow Infiltration Redistribution.

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Presentation transcript:

Precipitation Interception Throughfall Stemflow Evaporation Transpiration Evaporation Ocean Lake Ground water Overland flow Return flow Infiltration Redistribution Evaporation Snow pack Percolation Capillary rise Depression storage Interflow Wetland Plant uptake Overland flow Soil water Figure 11.1 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Storm Rainfall (mm) Water Flux (mm) Interception (mm) Rainfall Throughfall Stemflow Interception Full leafLeafless Figure 11.2 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Jan-94Jan-95Jan-96Jan-97Jan-98 Evapotranspiration (mm per day) Cumulative (mm) Boreal Spruce Forest Day of Year Evapotranspiration (mm per day) Cumulative (mm) Tropical Rainforest Day of Year Evapotranspiration (mm per day) Cumulative (mm) Temperate Grassland Figure 11.3 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Volumetric Soil Moisture Foliage Water Potential (MPa) Figure 11.4 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Figure 11.5 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Time (minutes) Cumulative Infiltration, I (mm) Infiltration Rate,  i  (mm per second) I (mm)  i  (mm/s) Figure 11.6 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Time (minutes) Infiltration Rate (mm per second) Sand Sandy loam Loam Clay loam Clay Figure 11.7 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Sands (A) Loams (B) Clay loams (C) Clays (D) Dry Normal Wet Loam, normal soil water Forest, good litter, normal soil waterForest, good litter, loam Figure 11.8 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Impermeable Layer Groundwater (saturated) Capillary Fringe (saturated) Root Zone (wilting point to saturation) saturated during rain, otherwise depleted Intermediate Zone (field capacity to saturation) saturated during heavy rain WP FC SAT Water Content Transpiration Infiltration Evaporation Percolation Figure 11.9 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Figure JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec Monthly Water Flux (mm) PrecipitationAET AET=PET AET<PET Runoff Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Figure Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

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