A Look at A Vaccinal LT Outbreak---A Dress Rehearsal for Avian Influenza? NIAA 2014 ANNUAL CONFERENCE OMAHA, NEBRASKA APRIL 2,2014

◦Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT): A highly infectious disease of birds of all ages caused by avian herpesvirus I and characterized by a very rapid spread of respiratory distress. The mortality rate may be as high as 70%

Vaccinal: Associated with or having to do with vaccine or vaccination

Avian Influenza: A highly contagious disease that affects the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and nervous system of many species of birds. The mortality rate can reach percent within 48 hours.

There are striking similarities between ILT and Avian Influenza  Relatively short (3-10 days) incubation  Readily transferred on fomites  High mortality to susceptible birds  Disposition of dead birds

Cullman County, Alabama

Formula for a Train Wreck? +

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The Fire Ignites 1998—8 Cases Cases

Contributing Factors  Just Being Good Neighbors  Company Service Personnel  Utility and Repair Personnel

 We Never Go Anywhere

 Off-the-Farm Employment

 Incomplete Vaccine Coverage

 Non-commercial Poultry

 On-Farm Operations Besides Poultry

 Farm Tours and Lack of Biosecurity

 Farm Density Involving Varying Ages and Co’s

Changes that Resulted From Vaccinal LT  More Communication Among All Stakeholders---Alabama Poultry Health Task Force  Biosecurity Education and Plans  State Veterinarian controlled vaccines  Method and timing of commercial leghorn vaccine programs  Poultry Epidemiology Report Form

EMERGENCY POULTRY DISEASE REPORT OWNER NAME: FARM NAME: COMPANY: SERVICE TECH: TYPE OF OPERATION: GRID LOCATION: GPS LOCATION: PREMISE ID NUMBER: COUNTY: COMMUNITY: FARM ADDRESS/DIRECTIONS TO FARM: PHONE #: TYPE OF HOUSES(Cool Cell, Conventional, etc.): NUMBER OF HOUSES: OTHER LIVESTOCK ON THE FARM? IF YES, DESCRIBE: DESCRIBE MORTALITY INCREASE: WHEN DID YOU FIRST NOTICE PROBLEMS WITH BIRDS?

WHAT SYMPTOMS DID YOUR BIRDS EXHIBT? AGE OF BIRDS WHEN DIAGNOSED: WHERE DID THE PROBLEMS START? WAS YOUR LAST FLOCK VACCINATED? DID YOUR LAST FLOCK HAVE SIGNS OF ANY CONTAGIOUS INFECTIOUS DISEASE? OTHER THAN YOUR LAST FLOCK, HAVE YOU EVER HAD ANY CONTAGIOUS INfECTIOUS DISEASE TH ISFAR M?ONTH ISFARM? HOW LONG WERE YOU OUT OF BIRDS BEFORE THIS FLOCK? HOW LONG SINCE CLEANING OUT HOUSES? DO YOU DO ANY TYPE OF HEATING HOUSES OR LITTER BETWEEN FLOCKS? WHAT DO YOU DO WITH YOUR LITTER WHEN IT IS REMOVED?

DO YOU USE DISINFECTANT IN HOUSES BETWEEN FLOCKS? HOW FAR IS IT TO THE NEAREST PULLET FARM? HOW FAR IS IT TO THE NEAREST BREEDER OR COMMERCIAL LEGHORNF ARMLEGHORN FARM? ARE YOU AWARE OF ANY BACKYARD OR OTHER TYPE POULTRY WITHIN A MILE OF YOUR PREMISE? IF ANY PREMISES WITH POULTRY ARE WITHIN 1/4 MILE, WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OWNER?

QUESTIONS ???