Surgical Specimen Errors in the Operating Room Improving Quality of Care in Surgical Care Surgical Safety Program MCIC-Vermont
The Race to Improve Safety in U.S. Hospitals Why the hysteria? Institute of Medicine Report U.S. Malpractice Crisis
Industries by Size, Productivity, and Efficiency Where We Stand Industries by Size, Productivity, and Efficiency Low Hotels Airlines Tobacco Quality (error rate) Computers U.S. Postal Service Auto Manufacturing Food Services Health Services High Low High *Source: Advisory Board Company, 2005
How do we know we are safer?
Finding the Sweet Spot A Model for Improving Safety Central Mandate Scientifically Sound Feasible Local Wisdom Makary MA, et al. Patient Safety in Surgery, Annals of Surgery, 2006
Attributes of System Level Measure for Safety Scientifically sound, feasible, important, usable Apply to all patients Aligned with value; encourage desired behaviors Meaningful to front-line staff who do the work
Why do Errors Occur in the Operating Room? Root causes Analysis* *Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Sentinel Events : Evaluating Cause and Planning Improvement. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; 1998.
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations *Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Sentinel Events : Evaluating Cause and Planning Improvement. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; 1998.
Safety and Communication The Hierarchy of the Medicine Safety and Communication
Teamwork in the Eye of the Beholder Makary M, Sexton JB, Freischlag JA., et al. Teamwork in the Operating Room. J Am Coll Surg, 2006
Familiarity with others is a critical component of effective teamwork Aviation Data 74% of all commercial aviation accidents happen on the first day of a crew flying together Review of Major Accidents 1978-1990 NTSB 1994 Safety Study Late or behind schedule: 55% (17-28%) First day of pairing: 73% (7-30%) First flight together: 44% (3-10%) Captain Flying: 81% (50%)
OR Briefing Checklist Time-Out Antibiotics DVT Prophylaxis Instruments and Equipment Identify Team Makary M, Holzmueller C, Rowen L., et al. Operating Room Briefings. Joint Commission Journal Qual & Safety, 2006
Surgical Specimen Handling THE PROCESS Surgeon passes the specimen to the Scrub Nurse or Tech The specimen is then passed to the OR Circulator The Circulator obtains from the surgeon the name and laterality of the specimen
Surgical Specimen Handling A critical point of communication among OR providers Significant Implication for patient care Cancer diagnosis Laterality Measurable in a standardized fashion
Mislabeled Specimen Error Types No label No specimen Incorrect Laterality Incorrect Tissue Site Incorrect Patient No Patient Name No Tissue Site No Clinical History
The Goal: Measuring Quality
The Intervention A Verification Step to Check Specimen in the same way blood is checked before use Nurses read back the specimen name Surgeon to sign off after each case Mislabeled Specimens tracked at surgical pathology receiving desk
The Debriefing Verify the Specimen Were there any issues encountered? What could have been done to make the case more efficient? What could have been done to make the case safer? Signature _______________________
Conclusions Communication and Teamwork are associated with patient outcomes Mislabeled surgical specimens represent a measurable and preventable error in the surgical setting Surgical Specimen Labeling errors are a surrogate of poor communication in the OR A surgical specimen checklist, similar to checking blood products, can improve quality in the OR