Chapter Fourteen – Forensic Toxicology FRSC 8104 Criminalistics II Professor Bensley.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Toxicologists & Drug Analysis

Advertisements

Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene 6th Edition

Chapter Forensic Toxicology.

((The most heavily abused drug in the Western world.)

6-1 PRENTICE HALL ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ FORENSIC SCIENCE An Introduction By Richard Saferstein FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY.

Forensic Toxicology - the study of the chemical and physical properties of toxic substances and their physiological effect on living organisms.

Michael H. Dong MPH, DrPA, PhD readings Human Exposure Assessment I (7th of 10 Lectures on Toxicologic Epidemiology)

What is toxicology? Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments,

5-1 ©2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ FORENSIC SCIENCE: An Introduction, 2 nd ed. By Richard Saferstein Drug Identification.

 Definition: - the study of the chemical and physical properties of toxic substances and their physiological effect on living organisms  A forensic.

Forensic Toxicology Chapter 10.

Case 1 – Habitual drug user 43 year old female Previous history of drug and alcohol dependency and depression. Deceased had allegedly taken heroin that.

Forensic Toxicology Father of Modern Toxicology.

The Role of the Toxicologists

6-1 PRENTICE HALL ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ FORENSIC SCIENCE An Introduction By Richard Saferstein FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY.

Lecture: Forensic Toxicology - Poisons & Alcohol Toxicology is defined as the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Forensic toxicology.

Forensic Toxicology Forensic Science. Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Alcohol Physiology and Pharmacology

Forensic Science Ch. 6 Toxicology ToxicologyAlcohol Testing for Alcohol Role of Toxicologist

Forensic Toxicology Harrison. Role of Forensic Toxicology Forensic toxicologists detect & identify drugs & poisons in body fluids, tissues, & organs in.

Types of Drug Tests 1.Urine drug screen. Types of Drug Tests 2.Hair drug screen.

Chapter 6. Toxicologist Detect and identify drugs and poisons in the body fluids, tissues, and organs and determine their influence on human behavior.

Bioavailability Dr Mohammad Issa.

Testing for Intoxication Why is it not practical to measure an individual’s BAC by measuring a sample of blood? Why is it not practical to measure an individual’s.

6-1 ©2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ FORENSIC SCIENCE: An Introduction, 2 nd ed. By Richard Saferstein FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY.

Forensic Toxicology. Toxicologist  An individual charged with the responsibility of detecting and identifying the presence of drugs and poisons in body.

Forensic Toxicology. Role of Forensic Toxicologist Toxicologist detect and identify drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues and organs. Toxicologists.

Chapter 6 Forensic Toxicology.

1 FORENSIC SCIENCE Toxicology. Review u Poisons u Due Today: u Over the counter medications lab from yesterday u Til Death do us part video organizer.

Forensic Toxicology. Toxicology Definition: Analysis of body fluids or tissues for the presence of 1) controlled substances, 2) common pharmaceuticals.

Toxicology: Drugs and Poisons Forensic Science. Toxicology Toxicology - Mix of Chemistry and Physiology that deals with drugs, poisons, and other toxic.

1 SAMPLE ALTERNATIVES URINE BLOOD BREATH SALIVA HAIR SWEAT.

CHAPTER 11 OVERVIEW OF THE DUI PROBLEM. DUI: THE PROBLEM Estimates indicate approx. 25% of America’s drivers occasionally drive while under the influence,

Forensic Toxicology Alcohol absorption Unit 3 Dr. Gray JANUARY 2016.

Unit 4: Forensic Toxicology Mr. Ross Brown Brooklyn School for Law and Technology.

Psychoactive Drugs. TOXICITY The study of poisons & the identification of drugs & other substances a person may have used for medicinal, recreational,

Alcohol Chapter What is Alcohol Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Alcohol comes in different varieties.

TOXICOLOGY SCREENING. Using the toxicology laboratory To confirm or exclude toxic exposures in suspected individuals To confirm or exclude toxic exposures.

Toxicology: Poisons and Alcohol

Forensic Toxicology.

Class Name, Instructor Name

Chapter 10 FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY

Evidence-based survey of the elimination rates of ethanol from blood with applications in forensic casework Alan Wayne Jones Forensic Science International

Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene 6th Edition

Drug Identification and Toxicology

Forensic Toxicology Forensic Science.

Chapter 12: Forensic Toxicology 1.

Chapter 6 Notes Part 1 Forensic toxicology.

Chapter 6: Forensic Toxicology.

Forensic Toxicology Section 1

Identify the five types of controlled substances

Forensic toxicology.

Chapter 6 FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY.

Forensic Toxicology.

Toxicologists & Drug Analysis

Toxicology The Study of Poisons.

Forensic Toxicology O’Connor. Role of Forensic Toxicology Forensic toxicologists detect & identify drugs & poisons in body fluids, tissues, & organs in.

The study of Drugs and Poisons

Chapter 7 Forensic Toxicology

Chapter 6 FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY.

6-5 Collection and Preservation of Toxicological Evidence

1 - Toxicology of Alcohol

Chapter 6 FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY.

Chapter 7 Forensic Toxicology

6-2 – About Alcohol Unit 6: Toxicology April 22, 2015 Sanders.

Forensic Toxicology Alcohol.

The Role of the Toxicologist

How and Why Drugs Work PPT Series 5B

Presentation transcript:

Chapter Fourteen – Forensic Toxicology FRSC 8104 Criminalistics II Professor Bensley

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Objectives 1.Describe the role of the forensic toxicologist in the following: Postmortem Examinations, Human Performance Testing, and Workplace Drug Testing. 2.Describe the various biological matrices on which toxicological analyses are routinely performed. 3.Explain how alcohol is produced, how it is absorbed into the bloodstream, how it is transported throughout the body, and how it is eliminated by oxidation and excretion. 4.Describe the basic fundamental concepts of breath alcohol testing procedures (BrAC). 5.Relate the precautions to be taken to properly preserve blood samples in order to accurately analyze its alcohol content.

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Objectives 6.Describe techniques that forensic toxicologists use to isolate and identify drugs and poisons. 7.Appreciate the significance of finding a drug in human tissues and organs to in relation to assessing level of impairment.

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline I.Introduction A.Definition of toxicology B.Three areas of forensic toxicology C.Role of the toxicologist D.Toxicology vs. Pharmacology II.All Substances are Poisons? A.Therapeutic Levels B.Lethal Dose (LD 50 )

Typical Dose Response Curve (NOAEL) = No observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) = Lowest observed adverse effect level

LD-50

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline III.Parmacokinetics – Study of how drugs move into and out of body A.Absorption - All introduction methods result in passage of drug through a tissue barrier and into the bloodstream B.Distribution C.Metabolism D.Elimination

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline IV.Pharmacodynamics – Study of how drugs act in the body A.Receptors, Agonists, and Antagonists B.Tolerance C.Synergism

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline V.Sample/Specimen Collection VI.Post Mortem Forensic Toxicology A.Types of cases B.Specimens C.Analytical Process D.Analytes

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline VII.Human Performance Testing (Behavioral Toxicology) A.Steroids 1.Corticosteroids 2.Anabolic Steroids 3.Prohormones and Designer Steroids

Anabolic Steroids

Steroid Synthesis

Hormone Synthesis

Prohormones

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline B.Growth Hormones (HGH)

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline C.Alcohol (Ethanol) 1.Absorption of Ethanol a.Ingestion b.Metabolism c.Oxidation d.Full vs. Empty Stomach e.Factors determining absorption rate

Ethanol Oxidation

Ethanol Absorption (Widmark) Curve The effect of food on blood alcohol concentration. The graph shows BAC after a person drank alcohol following an overnight fast (solid line) and immediately after breakfast (dotted line).

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline 2.Distribution of Ethanol 3.Excretion of Ethanol 4.Circulation of Ethanol a.Direct analysis of Blood b.Alcohol content of Breath 5.Analysis of Ethanol a.Field Sobriety Tests b.Breath Tests (BrAC)

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline i.Breathalyzer

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline c.Blood Alcohol Concentration (GC-FID) i.Extraction ii.Distillation iii.Direct Injection of blood or serum iv.Head Space Procedures

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline v.Quantitative Analysis Procedures vi.External vs. Internal Standard vii.Plasma/serum viii.Reporting results ix.Sample Preservation (Anticoagulants and Preservatives) 7.Alcohol Impairment

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline VIII.Workplace Drug Testing A.NIDA – 5 classes of drugs B.Test Types 1.Urine 2.Saliva 3.Hair 4.Blood 5.Sweat (Patch)

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline C.Classes of Drugs Tested 1.Cannabanoids Delta-9-THC

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline 2.Cocaine

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline 3.Amphetamines

Methamphetamine vs. Neurotransmitters Methamphetamine DopamineEpinephrine

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline 4. Opiates

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline 5.Phencyclidine (PCP)

FRSC 8104 – Toxicology Outline 6.Others C.Methods of Analysis 1.Extraction Methods 2.Screening Methods a.Immunoassay (EMIT, ELISA, RIA) 3.Confirmation 4.Field Tests 5.Special Considerations

At-Home Drug Test Kits

Drug Screening Urine Cutoffs (ng/mL) Analyte Tested in Confirmation Confirmation Cutoffs (ng/mL) Urine Detection Time Amphetamine1,000Amphetamine days Cocaine300Benzoylecgonine days Heroin300Morphine; 6-monoacetylmorphine 300;101-3 days Marijuana50-20Tetrahydrocannabinol151-3 days (casual), 30 days (chronic) Methamphet- amine 1,000Methamphetamine; Amphetamine 500; days PCP25Phencyclidine252-7 days (casual)