组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用 中国医科大学 基础医学院 组胚 — 英文教学组

Chapter 19 Female Reproductive system

1. Components ---ovary: produce ovum secrete female sex hormones ---oviduct: duct for fertilized ovum(zygote) passing through place where fertilization takes place ---uterus: organ where the fetus grow up ---vagina

2. Ovary ---ovoid, 4X2X1 cm ---located on either sides of uterus in pelvic cavity

1) General structure: ---capsule: /superficial epithelium: a layer of squamous or cuboidal cell /tunica albuginea: DCT ---cortex: /different stage of follicles /matrix(stroma): cell-rich, dense CT ---medulla: LCT with BV, LV ---hilum: SM and hilus cell

2)Different phases ---childhood: before development- all follicle are primordial follicle(700,000-2,000,000) ---puberty: the ability for reproduce begin to develop(40,000 primordial follicle) ---sexual maturity: ( are released) different stage of follicles can be seen have a cyclic change-menstrual cycle ---climacteric: the ability of reproduce decrease ---senescence: all follicle disappear, replaced by CT

3) Development and maturation of follicle ---sexual maturity, non-pregnant stage ---follicle = oocyte + follicular cell

① primordial follicle ---oocyte: primary oocyte /30um in D /large, vesicular nucleus /slight eosinophilic cytoplasm ---follicular cell: a layer of flattened cell

* before birth, oogonia come from yolk sac, enter ovarian cortex, developed into primary oocyte, then primary oocyte begin the first meiosis, but rest at prophase of division

*growing follicle : ② primary follicle: primordial follicle begin to grow ---oocyte: LM: become large EM: rich in organelles ---follicular cell: become a layer of cuboidal or more layers ---zona pellucide: /a layer of homogeneous structure-glycoprotein /eosinophilic in HE stain

③ secondary follicle: small space appear ---primary oocyte: continuous to develop and reach largest D( um) ---follicular cell: more layers ---follicular cavity: space between follicular cells (6-12 layers) /small space→large cavity (filled with follicular fluid)

---cumulus oophorus: follicular fluid increase to force the oocyte and some follicular cells move to one side to form a hillock-liked structure ---corona radiate: follicular cell near oocyte arranged radiately ---stratum granulosum: follicular cell which constitute the wall of follicle ---theca folliculi: derived form surrounding stroma cell which proliferate and differentiate theca interna: rich in cells( theca cell) -spindle-shaped, polyhedral -steroid-hormone cell ’ s feature: oestrogen theca externa: CT, fiber

④ mature follicle: (2 cm in D) ---a follicle require about days to reach a mature stage ---follicular fluid: increase /follicular cavity: enlarge /stratum granulosum: thinner ---small space appear between the cell of corona radiate ---The first meiosis division is completed, primary oocyte divides into secondary oocyte and first polar body(will disappear), then secondary oocyte begin the second meiosis and rest at middle stage of division

2)Ovulation ---definition: the process by which secondary oocyte, zona pellucide, corona radiate and follicular fluid are released into the pelvic cavity, then captured by oviduct fimbriated funnel

---processes: follicle projects from surface of ovaries→the area lack of blood →follicular stigma→tissue is dissolved by proteiolytase and collegenase, SM contract→follicle rupture→force the cumulus oophorus go out of the follicle ---time: fourteenth day of menstruation ---ovum maintain the capacity for fertilization for 24 hours

3) formation of corpus luteum ---definition: after ovulation, the ruptured follicle collapse, CT and blood vessel enter the follicle to form a yellow- colored, gland-liked structure

---components and functions: granulose lutein cell: -come from stratum granulosum cell -LM: large, pale weakly eosinophilic, and centrally distributed -EM: steroid-hormone secreting cell ’ s feature -function: secrete progesterone

*steroid-hormone secreting cell: EM: rich in /mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristea, /SER /lipid droplet

theca lutein cell: -come from theca interna -LM: small, deep stained, and peripherally distributed -EM: steroid-hormone secreting cell ’ s feature -function: secrete oestrogen

---development: corpus luteum of menstruation: -not fertilized -exist for days, then become corpus albicans corpus luteum of pregnance: -fertilized -exist for 6 months, then become corpus albicans

4) Atretic follicle and interstial gland ---atretic follicle: follicle degenerate and perish ---interstitial gland: during the degenerating processes of secondary follicle, cells of theca interna exist and active for a certain time to form a gland, and produce oestrogen

3. Uterus or womb ---pear-shaped ---muscular organ

1) the structure of uterine wall ① perimetrium: serosa and fibrosa ② myometrium: ---SM: increase in number and size (from 30-50um ~ um) ---CT

③ endometrium: mucosa ---epi.: simple columnar epi. /ciliated cell /secretory cell ---lamina propria: /thick, CT(stroma of endometrium) contain RF, LC, Ma, MC, PC /stroma cell: -spindle of fusiform-shaped -produce collagen ---spiral artery: coiled ---uterine gland: single-tubed gland

* According to the function: ---basal layer: /not shed /proliferation and repairing ---functional layer: /thick /shed(cyclic change-menstruation)

2) menstrual cycle ---definition: under the regulation of ovarian hormones, the cyclic change of endometrium (functional layer)

① The proliferative phase (follicular phase) 5 th -14 th days of cycle Proliferation and repairing i. epi and gland repair ii. stroma cell: synthesis fiber and stroma iii. spiral A grow iv. 2-4mm thick Oestrogen

② The secretory phase (luteal phase) 15 th – 28 th days of cycle i. gland start to secrete ii. stroma cells:→predecidual cell: synthesize glycogen and lipid droplet iii. spiral A reach the superficial layer iv. 5-7 mm thick Oestrogen and progesterone

③ The menstrual phase 1 st -4 th days of cycle i. vasconstriction of spiral A→ necrosis ii. vasodilation of spiral A→bleeding and shedding(menstruation) none