Negative Ion TPC as the LC Main Tracker G. Bonvicini, Jan Overview Early Simulations (by A. Schreiner) Also in the collaboration J. Martoff and R. Ayad (Temple), D. Snowden-Ifft (Occidental)

What is a NITPC? It is a TPC where the primary ionization and the avalanche are made of electrons, but the drift is done by negative ions Uses any electronegative gas, with thermal electron capture and ion stripping (at high E) cross section of order 10^7 Barn, and appreciable gain Three such gases are known: CS2, biacetyl and methylchloride NI gas tubes first studied and operated in 1953

NITPC in modern times (post 1995) Developed by J. Martoff and collaborators DRIFT collaboration (1998-): 1m3 NITPC to study dark matter (seeks annual, daily, and directional signature of dark matter) (Boulby, UK) – a very robust detector DRIFT-II proposed: 9m3 He/CS2 80/20 detector

Properties of the NITPC Thermal diffusion at all E- fields: Good gain (10^4 at 7700V) Drift velocity approx. 20m/sec (at 1 kV/cm) drift Negligible Lorentz angle allows radial, azimuthal drift Properties conspire to allow “single electron detection” Extreme photon and electron quenching

Motivation of the NITPC Improve event information by detecting single electrons (F. Villa, NIM 217, 273,1983, J. Huth and D. Nygren, NIM 241, 375, 1985, G. Bonvicini, Hellaz Note 93-01) – momentum resolution, two-track separation, and tracking efficiency Decrease material and cost through the use of novel detector planes Keep alive the TPC option for the far future (E=1 TeV)

Simulations In progress One event is 1+GByte GEANT4 crashes on events this big We are writing an algorithm to reject background hits before tracking Main tracker for TESLA discussed below Temporarily, we have abandoned the axial and radial TPC and concentrated on the azimuthal TPC

ParameterTPCNITPCComments objective Central Tracker in Tesla; B=3 Tesla geometry azimuthal: r=0.5-2m, z= m materialgas: Ar(100%) gas: He/CS 2 (80/20) +6·0.5% X 0 (membr) For multiple scattering 1.35 m33 cm NITPC is devided into 12 sectionsazimuthally and TPC into 2 along z  l_dif ( ) 4 mm 0.4 mm for E=1kV/cm in NITPC  tr_dif ( ) 0.68 mm N s of samples/track depends on the gas N i of ioniz. e per measurement 1401  z_meas 3 mm 0.4 mm  meas =  dif /SQRT(N i )  azim_meas 0.1 mm

5-section axial TPC 12-section azimuthal TPC read out planes do not produce background at all (Here are only 2% of background at Tesla)

regular TPC

TPC detector plane (azimuthal TPC) A modified version of a Micromegas detector plane (Gorodetzky- Giomataris) Blue pads are ganged NW-SE, white pads are ganged NE-SW (angle to wire is 60 degrees) Hits are recorded as a triplet

TPC backgrounds (TESLA) Incoherent noise backgrounds Approximately 2X10^9 “wire pixels” due to long drift Pulse height matching: 1) strip- strip; 2) wire-(s1+s2) (not done yet)

Backgrounds comparison vs regular TPC (TESLA) A regular TPC will see 19 times less backgrounds at TESLA Factor of 2 less hits in NITPC due to gas density Factor 1.6 from linac veto The rest (at least a factor 6) will have to come from higher B-field

Simulated wire occupancies (backgrounds = 6XNLC) Using Maruyama’s ntuples, FADC bucket = 100 nsec, no cuts)

background signal in background average strip occupancy is 11% radius [cm]

Momentum resolution comparison with reg. TPC (both large TPC, using Bruce Schumm’ s program, red=NITPC, blue=reg. TPC)

Space charge An issue if a wire/strip detector plane is used For gain = 10^4, n=3X10^7, V=100 kV, Delta(V)=17V Some drift velocity saturation also helps

Conclusions The NITPC niche: small, low cost, low material, very competitive momentum resolution and pattern recognition Working point is relatively well defined Early studies point to manageable backgrounds