Towards SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting in Indonesia: BPS-Statistics Indonesia Towards SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting in Indonesia: Current Works, Main Challenges, and National Plans 44th Session of the United Nations Statistical Commission February 25th 2013 KECUK SUHARIYANTO, M. SAIRI, AND WYNANDIN IMAWAN

1. INTRODUCTION The Indonesian government has been implementing sustainable development principles of the green economy stated as Pro- Growth, Pro-Job, Pro-Poor, and Pro-Environment. Pro-Environment: Indonesia has been part of REDD (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). REDD is a scheme which allows developed countries to give compensation for forest sequestration of the developing countries. Indonesia has a commitment to reduce carbon dioxide emission, which cause climate changes, to 26 % in 2020, and 41 percent with international assistance. 25 FEB 2013

2. CURRENT WORKS Environment Statistics Integrated System of Environment and Economic Account Case Study: Environmental Degradation from CO2 25 FEB 2013

Environment Statistics PUBLICATION CONTENTS Environment Statistics of Indonesia (Annual, since 1982) Natural environment: situation of forest, fish resources, water resources, biodiversities, mineral resources, natural disasters, solid waste, etc Social environment: related to many dimensions of social issues including social prosperity problems and social resilient Statistics on Marine and Coastal Resources (Annual, since 2004) Availability of mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass, fishery related issues, sea water quality, and the situation of socio-economic infrastructure among coastal villages Indicator of Indonesia Sustainable Development Combination of several data related to sustainable development. Indicators used in line with recommendation from Commission on Sustainable Development within the Framework of Driving Force-State-Response (DSR). Data including: poverty, governance, health related issues, education, demography, atmosphere, land used, freshwater, biodiversity, global economic partnership, consumption pattern, etc. 25 FEB 2013

Environment statistics compiled from village-based data collection PUBLICATION CONTENTS Indicators resulted from Survey on the Behavior toward Caring on Environment (2012) Identify the knowledge and behavior of household members toward daily caring on environment. Environment statistics compiled from village-based data collection Data collection related to several dimensions of development, including data on environment (every 3 years) Data on environment disaster for example: In 2011 of all 78,609 villages: 7,521 villages experienced land slide, 14,732 villages experienced flood; 1,609 village with tide; 554 villages experienced forest-fire; 2,105 villages with dryness. 25 FEB 2013

Integrated System Of Environment and Economic Account (SEEA Indonesia) Annual since 1997 Source of Data Data Type Limitation Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Mineral resource Mineral production Coverage is limited to 9 significant natural resources in Indonesia: crude oil, natural gas, coal, bauxite, tin, gold, silver, nickel ore, and timber wood Ministry of Forestry Forest area Timber production Statistics Indonesia National account aggregates 25 FEB 2013

Case Study: Environmental Degradation from CO2 1 .CO2 and CH4 EMISSION VOLUME ( TON ) No. Product Type of emission 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 LULUCF CO2 188,507,476 145,311,364 85,119,744 127,752,891 326,846,784 99,452,582 2 Energy 126,967,776 132,669,055 150,857,444 173,781,469 195,501,194 226,463,873 3 Agriculture 798,538 792,482 849,882 890,344 972,887 953,581 CH4 129,341,628 127,267,330 125,226,299 123,218,001 127,120,266 131,146,115   TOTAL 316,273,793 278,772,905 236,827,073 302,424,707 523,320,869 326,870,041 2 .DEGRADATION FROM CO2 + CH4 EMISSION ( Trillion Rp. ) No. Product 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 LULUCF 47,530 34,530 20,282 33,794 95,354 24,818 2 Energy 22,579 22,267 24,943 30,108 36,113 36,249 3 Agriculture 6,111 5,668 5,565 5,835 6,506 5,808   TOTAL 76,231 62,476 50,800 69,747 137,985 66,884 25 FEB 2013

Summary of Findings Government must be aware about the increase of forest conversion and depletion, and also the decrease of additional growth of forest outside of Java. Over exploitation of timber wood especially outside of Java is reflected in the decrease of end of year inventory of timber wood. Rate of depletion for some of mineral resources is exceeding the rate of deposit discovery, so the end of year deposit resources is significantly diminished (such as crude oil, natural gas, gold, and nickel ore). Warning about over exploitation of crude oil, bauxite and tin because the ratio of end of year deposit resource to production is pretty low. Net Domestic Product and net accumulated capital become different from the conventional National Account aggregates due to the decrease of produced assets and also the decrease of non-produced (environmental) assets. 25 FEB 2013

3. MAIN CHALLENGES Data availability Insufficient knowledge Unstandarized of measurement and concept Data scatters in various institutions  Coordination needs to be enhanced Insufficient knowledge Knowledge gap among staff Need technical assistance in improving existing environmental account & toward the development of ecosystem account Institutional Challenges Need to strengthen capability of statistical institution Need to create more awareness among stakeholders on the important of facts-based decision making pertaining to environment related issues and its impacts Need statistical advocacy to recognize the importance of doing data analysis and researches on ecosystem accounting 25 FEB 2013

PLANS FOR MOVING FORWARD LOW CARBON AND LESS HARZARDOUS WASTE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY MAINTAIN NATURAL CARRYING CAPACITY Key indicators Indicators Accounts (SEEA) Basic/environment statistics Resource use & environmental efficiency (water & energy productivity, waste & emission intensity) Production, employment & expenditure relating to environmental activities Environmental taxes, subsidies & similar transfers Environmental assets & their role in the economy We are here 25 FEB 2013

Toward implementation of SEEA Ecosystem Account Join steering committee Statistics Indonesia National Development Planning Board Ministry of Environment, Agric, Forestry, Fishery Geospatial Inf. Agency Launch ecosystem indicators partnership Initiate research to develop ecosystem indicators Commitment among stakeholders to develop ecosystem data sharing/warehousing Ensure data availability and quality Include more ecosystem query in subject matter area data compilations Improving data gathering and reporting 25 FEB 2013

THANK YOU –TERIMA KASIH 25 FEB 2013

Summary of findings Summary Indicators 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2,774,281 3,339,217 3,950,893 4,948,688 5,603,871 6,422,918   Net Domestic Product (NDP) 2,635,567 3,172,256 3,753,349 4,701,254 5,323,678 6,101,772 NDP 1 (Adjusted Depletion) 2,463,798 3,001,153 3,563,258 4,445,758 5,096,554 5,853,609 NDP 2 (Adjusted Degradation) 2,387,568 2,938,677 3,512,459 4,376,011 4,958,569 5,786,724 NDP 1 x 100 88.81 89.88 90.19 89.84 90.95 91.14 GDP NDP 2 x 100 86.06 88.00 88.90 88.43 88.48 90.09 25 FEB 2013