Emotional Intelligence Dr. Nathan J. Cooper, C. Psych. Centre for Student Development McMaster University McMaster University

Emotional Intelligence History of the phrase, Ei History of the phrase, Ei Overview of current theory Overview of current theory Overview of current assessment instruments Overview of current assessment instruments Developing Emotional Intelligence Developing Emotional Intelligence (Theory and practice)

Emotional Intelligence “We should take care not to make the intellect our god. It has, of course, powerful muscles, but no personality. It cannot lead, it can only serve.” - Einstein

Emotional Intelligence Emotion: Emotion: Intelligence: Intelligence:

Emotional Intelligence WAYNE LEON PAYNE First use of the phrase “emotional intelligence” (EI) in a doctoral dissertation (1985) First use of the phrase “emotional intelligence” (EI) in a doctoral dissertation (1985) Dr. John Mayer and Dr. Peter Salovey Began systematic academic research into EI (1990) Began systematic academic research into EI (1990)

Emotional Intelligence The Research question The Research question Are there individual Differences with respect to: Are there individual Differences with respect to: Identifying and expressing emotions Understanding and assimilating emotions into problem solving Emotional Regulation

EI: Ability and mixed models Ability Model Empirically derived Empirically derived Does not purport to replace, rather Compliments existing models of Personality, leadership, and Organizational Behaviour Does not purport to replace, rather Compliments existing models of Personality, leadership, and Organizational Behaviour Mixed model (Goleman) Based on Ability and product of ability (ie: empathy, social skills, self-awareness, motivation, self-regualation) Based on Ability and product of ability (ie: empathy, social skills, self-awareness, motivation, self-regualation) Grand scope that fits with intuitive beliefs regarding leadership and makes exaggerated claims regarding predictive validity Grand scope that fits with intuitive beliefs regarding leadership and makes exaggerated claims regarding predictive validity

EI: four factor Ability model  Emotional identification, perception and expression  emotional facilitation of thought  emotional understanding  emotional management

EI: four factor Ability model I.Emotional identification, perception and expression ascertain emotion in: facial expression facial expression body language body language vocal tone vocal tone music music story story

EI: four factor Ability model I.Emotional identification, perception and expression Self-awareness: ability to Identify and express the emotion of an individual or a group Example: High performing Manager: self-evaluation is consistent with Staff evaluation Low performing manager: self-evaluation is inconsistent with staff evaluation

EI: four factor Ability model II. emotional facilitation of thought link emotion to sensory and perceptual experiences colour colour Taste Taste Factor emotion into reasoning reasoning problem solving problem solving

EI: four factor Ability model II. emotional facilitation of thought Using emotions to facilitate: creativity in brainstorming, planning, and decision making. Activity (positive affect – creativity) (Negative Affect – details) Using Story/ ritual/ fable to generate shared vision and emotional support

EI: four factor Ability model III.emotional understanding comprehension of how to compare and contrast emotions comprehension of how to compare and contrast emotions

EI: four factor Ability model III.emotional understanding Communication (leader – member exchange) is enhanced by ei Communication (leader – member exchange) is enhanced by ei Getting along with people is more vital than intelligence, decisiveness, knowledge, and job skills (hersey and blanchard, 1988) Getting along with people is more vital than intelligence, decisiveness, knowledge, and job skills (hersey and blanchard, 1988)

EI: four factor Ability model  emotional management The Ability to: comprehend the impact of situations on feelings comprehend the impact of situations on feelings the ability to manage/ cope with emotion the ability to manage/ cope with emotion

EI: four factor Ability model  emotional management The Ability to: Handle stress Handle stress manage fear manage fear use emotions to assist in diagnosing and solving problems use emotions to assist in diagnosing and solving problems Create and enhance relationships Create and enhance relationships Enhance pleasant emotions while de-emphasizing unpleasant Enhance pleasant emotions while de-emphasizing unpleasant

EI: Assessment Instruments multifactor emotional intelligence scale (MEIS) an early version of an ability-based test an early version of an ability-based test Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test (MSCEIT) This test is sound from a psychometric and construct validity perspective. This test is sound from a psychometric and construct validity perspective.

EI: Assessment Instruments Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) 360 (Goleman) emotional quotient inventory (EQ-I) (bar-on) provide information that Is explained as well or better by standard personality measures (e.g. neo-personality inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992) provide information that Is explained as well or better by standard personality measures (e.g. neo-personality inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992) Are inherently limited given that they are self-report measures/ not always consistent with performance Are inherently limited given that they are self-report measures/ not always consistent with performance

EI: Assessment Instruments emotional intelligence inventory (Tapia, 2001) Self-report Self-report 5 point likert scale 5 point likert scale Limited generalizability given norm sample Limited generalizability given norm sample Sound psychometric properties Sound psychometric properties Rapid completion relative to existing alternatives Rapid completion relative to existing alternatives

Developing emotional intelligence Identify feelings rather than labelling people or situations Identify feelings rather than labelling people or situations Distinguish between thoughts and feelings Distinguish between thoughts and feelings Take responsibility for the way you feel Take responsibility for the way you feel

Developing emotional intelligence Integrate feelings into decision-making Integrate feelings into decision-making Respect the feelings of others Respect the feelings of others Validate the feelings of others Validate the feelings of others Transform anger into energy Transform anger into energy

Developing emotional intelligence Tune in and fine-tune your emotions Tune in and fine-tune your emotions Avoid advice, commands, criticism, judgment, and lectures in relationship to self and others Avoid advice, commands, criticism, judgment, and lectures in relationship to self and others Minimize contact with those that invalidate you Minimize contact with those that invalidate you

references Caruso, D.R., Mayer, J.D., & Salovey, P. (2002). Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Leadership. In R.E. Riggio, S.E., Murphy, & F.J. Pirozzolo, (Eds.) Multiple Intelligences and Leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., & McKee, A. (2002). Primal Leadership. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Gregory, A. (2003). Touchy-feely Brainy? Works Management. 56(11), Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R. D. (2002). Emotional Intelligence: Science and Myth. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press. Mayer, J.D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is Emotional Intelligence? In P. Salovey & D.J. Sluyter (Eds.) Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence. New York: Basic Books, pp Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2000). Models of Emotional Intelligence. In R. Sternberg (Ed.) Handbook of Intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Mayer, J.D., Caruso, D., & Salovey, P. (2000). Emotional Intelligence Meets Traditional Standards for an Intelligence. Intelligence, 27(4),

references Details regarding the four factors and test structure of the MSCEIT, taken from: Sample MSCEIT items, taken from: EQ international is a group of volunteers in several countries who are interested in emotions, emotional needs and emotional intellingence. Multi health systems is a company dedicated to the development, marketing, and delivery of high- quality, standardized and integrated assessment and diagnostic products as well as practice and treatment management products and services.