1 Citations Legal Research & Writing I PAR 111 Mike Brigner, J.D.

2 Today 4 Things Why do we need a Citation Manual? Intro to the Ohio Manual of Citations An introduction to the most frequent citation forms In-Class Activity

3 Why a Citation Manual? Purpose is to guide legal writers in proper formatting and style in: –Court documents – main text –Court documents – footnotes/endnotes –Legal memoranda –Law review articles –Etc.

4 How Would We Cite? Joe case? Joe versus Abe? Plaintiff Joe against Defendant Abe? 1995 Joe v. Abe, Vol. 16, Page 44? West Pub. Joe vs. Abe, 16/44? Ohio Cases – Joe v. Abe, ? Civil/States/Ohio: 16 Joe vs. Abe 44? 16 Ohio State Supreme Court 44?

5 Source Document Why a Citation Manual? Within your doc point reader to Your Document In the proper format to correctly identify the Source Document

6 What Is Covered? CITATIONS: Citation manuals explain how to write citations (in your legal memorandum, for example) in a uniform manner for other sources you are citing to: –Cases –Statutes, Constitutions –Rules, Newspapers, Books –Law Review Articles, Regulations

7 What Is Covered? STYLE: Citation manuals also explain legal writing style rules for such items as: –Abbreviations –Capitalization –Symbols –Latin words –Quotations

8 Introduction to The Ohio Citation Manual This is the Citation Bible for this Quarter

9 This Quarter We Use The Ohio Citation Manual NOT The Bluebook NOT The ALWD Manual Almost identical to ALWD, but hard to read We will learn in PAR 112

10 Before Next You Sleep Read: –1992 Ohio Citation Manual Pages 3-26 (.PDF pages 5-27) –2002 Revisions to Ohio Manual Pages 1-9 –Both are available at External Links (My.Sinclair) or Ohio Supreme Court ( ) Read all of Quick Reference to Ohio Manual: –

11 Next, Third Thing An introduction to the most frequent citation forms. This will take a while.

12 Citing Case Law Italicize (or underscore) names of cases in text of documents Case citations must include –Name of Case –Year Case Decided –Where to Find Case –Court that Decided Case

13 Citing Case Law How to organize a citation: –See Ohio Manual, top of p. 3 Memorize the punctuation, order, & spacing for each type of citation Joe v. Abe (1995), 16 Ohio St.2d 44, 23 N.E.2d 345 Other case reporters (OBR, O.Ops., etc.), go just before N.E.

14 Citing Case Law For all Ohio cases after May 1, 2002, add Ohio’s WebCite. Format = Year dash “Ohio” dash case number: Jill v. Deb, 106 Ohio St.3d 88, Ohio-2118, 213 N.E.2d 456

15 Citing Case Law Unpublished (aka “unreported”) Opinions All cases decided before May 1, 2002: State v. Jones (Jan. 1, 2002), Franklin App. No. 99APE , unreported All cases decided after May 1, 2002: Brown v. McClain, 3d Dist. No , 2002-Ohio-2834

16 Citing Case Law Pinpoint citations: Joe v. Abe (1995), 16 Ohio St.2d 44, 47, 23 N.E.2d 345 Ohio cases published after May 1, 2002: Jill v. Deb, 106 Ohio St.3d 88, Ohio-2118, 213 N.E.2d 456, at ¶30-31 Brown v. McClain, 3d Dist. No , 2002-Ohio-2834, at ¶61

17 Citing a State Statute Statutory citations: –See Ohio Manual, top of p. 22 Memorize the punctuation, order, & spacing for each type of citation R.C. Title 29 R.C. Chapter 2947 R.C R.C (B)

18 Citing Atty Gen Opinions Ohio Attorney General Opinions format –See Ohio Manual, at Ohio Manual uses this format: 1971 Ohio Atty.Gen.Ops. No Ohio Atty.Gen.Ops. No , at 47 Ohio Attorney General’s office uses: 1981 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 81 ‑ 039

19 Citing Administrative Rules Ohio Administrative Rules –See Ohio Manual at 19 Memorize Ohio Manual format: Ohio Adm.Code (B) Ohio Adm.Code 109: Ohio Adm.Code 104: et seq.

20 Citing Legal Encyclopedias Ohio Jurisprudence –See Ohio Manual at 17 Memorize Ohio Manual format: 39 Ohio Jurisprudence 2d (1989) 343, Juries, Section Ohio Jurisprudence 3d (1988, Supp.1999), Criminal Law, Sections

21 Citing Court Rules Ohio Court Rules –See Ohio Manual at Memorize Ohio Manual format: App.R. 9 Civ.R. 60(B) Crim.R. 44 Evid.R. 601

22 Citing Lexis & Westlaw Cases Lexis and Westlaw cites are NOT part of official citation format When case is published only on Lexis or Westlaw, follow this format: White v. C.J. Coakley Co., 1999 Va. App. LEXIS 261 (May 4, 1999) Young v. Apfel, 1999 WL (N.D. Ind. May 19, 1999)

23 4 th Thing: In Class Activity

24 Citations Concluded Thank You Mike Brigner, J.D.