ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS

Unit One: Chapter 4 • berate • maudlin • estrange • regress • euphoric • relinquish • impetuous • ubiquitous • infallible • zenith Page 20 in textbook.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 berate – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 berate – verb • Nick’s mother often berates him. And when she isn’t yelling at him, she ignores him. • Vanessa can accept reasonable criticism, but she was upset when her boss berated her loudly in front of everyone else in the office. Page 20 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Berate means A. to disappoint. B. to neglect. C. to scold angrily.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 estrange – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 estrange – verb • My cousin’s recent moodiness has estranged some of his old friends. • After his divorce, Gavin didn’t want to estrange his children, so he called and visited them often. Page 20 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. Estrange means A. to frighten. B. to drive away. C. to dislike.

Euphoric members of a winning TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 euphoric – adjective • I was euphoric when I received my grades. To my amazement and joy, they were all A’s and B’s. • Nikki is euphoric today, and it’s easy to see why she’s in such high spirits. She’s just gotten the lead role in our school’s production of Beauty and the Beast. Page 20 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Euphoric means A. very happy. B. boastful. C. sentimental. Euphoric members of a winning handball team Photo: Steindy

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 impetuous – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 impetuous – adjective • Whenever I make an impetuous purchase, I end up being dissatisfied: the shoes aren’t comfortable, the shirt is the wrong color, the jacket costs too much. From now on, I intend to think more carefully before I buy. • Children tend to be impetuous and often don’t think about the consequences of their actions. For instance, they’ll throw snowballs at passing cars without worrying about possibly causing an accident. Page 20 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Impetuous means A. impulsive. B. considerate. C. imaginative.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 infallible – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 infallible – adjective • Computers aren’t infallible. If you put the wrong data into a computer, you’ll get wrong answers. • A sign over my sister’s desk reads, “I’m infallible. I never make misteaks.” Page 20 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Infallible means A. perfect. B. imperfect. C. everywhere.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 maudlin – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 maudlin – adjective • The verses in greeting cards are often far too sentimental. I prefer humor to such maudlin messages. • The authors of maudlin soap operas must feel that they haven’t done their job unless viewers are crying by the end of each show. Page 20 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Maudlin means A. short. B. comical. C. overly emotional.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 regress – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 regress – verb • When his baby sister was born, seven-year-old Jeremy regressed for a while and began sucking his thumb again. • Adolescents under stress sometimes regress to childish ways: dependency, temper tantrums, and silliness. Page 21 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Regress means A. to go backward. B. to reach a high point. C. to act hastily.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 relinquish – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 relinquish – verb • No beer is allowed in the “family area” of the stadium, so fans must relinquish their six-packs at the gate before they take their seats. • Donna had to relinquish her share in the beach house because she couldn’t afford it anymore. Page 21 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. Relinquish means A. to buy. B. to give up. C. to enjoy. “I’ll relinquish your chair if you’ll get me my dinner!”

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 ubiquitous – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 ubiquitous – adjective • Mites are ubiquitous. They live on top of Mt. Everest, in the depths of the ocean, at the South Pole, and even around the roots of your hairs. • We postponed our plan to drive home on Sunday because a dense fog was ubiquitous. It covered the entire town. Page 21 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Ubiquitous means A. scarce. B. newly discovered. C. found everywhere.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 zenith – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 zenith – noun • Florence reached the zenith of her career when she became president of Ace Products. • At age 50, my uncle is afraid that he has already passed the zenith of his life; but at age 52, my father thinks the best is yet to come. Page 21 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Zenith means A. an end. B. an earlier condition. C. the highest point.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. berate B. estrange C. euphoric D. impetuous E. infallible F. maudlin G. regress H. relinquish I. ubiquitous J. zenith 1. People in bombed-out, war-torn cities sometimes ________ to more primitive ways of life. 2. To many people, Mozart’s works represent the __________ of eighteenth-century music. Page 22 in textbook. Answers: 1. regress; 2. zenith The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. berate B. estrange C. euphoric D. impetuous E. infallible F. maudlin G. regress H. relinquish I. ubiquitous J. zenith 3. Mei Lin was __________ when the college that was her first choice accepted her. 4. When Dad lost his job, he had to _________ his identification card, his employee parking permit, and the key to his desk. Page 22 in textbook. Answers: 3. euphoric; 4. relinquish; 5. estrange The next slide explains the answers. 5. Kay used to be friendly, but since her promotion, she has become so cold that she has _______(e)d former coworkers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. berate B. estrange C. euphoric D. impetuous E. infallible F. maudlin G. regress H. relinquish I. ubiquitous J. zenith 6. “I don’t expect you to be ________,” the boss said, “but I don’t want you to make the same mistakes over and over.” Page 22 in textbook. Answers: 6. infallible; 7. berate The next slide explains the answers. 7. “I know I was late,” Liz said, “but you could have pointed it out quietly. You didn’t have to __________ me.”

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. berate B. estrange C. euphoric D. impetuous E. infallible F. maudlin G. regress H. relinquish I. ubiquitous J. zenith 8. In our neighborhood, litter is __________—the sidewalks are ankle-deep in trash. We need a cleanup campaign. 9. Uncle Antonio becomes __________ when he talks about his dear old mother in Italy. Tears also come to the eyes of all who listen. Page 22 in textbook. Answers: 8. ubiquitous; 9. maudlin; 10. impetuous The next slide explains the answers. 10. Joyce isn’t usually __________, but last week she had a sudden urge to try out her nephew’s skateboard. Everyone in the office has already signed the cast on her broken wrist.

SENTENCE CHECK 2 A. berate B. estrange C. euphoric D. impetuous E. infallible F. maudlin G. regress H. relinquish I. ubiquitous J. zenith 1-2. If people were __________, we could __________ our erasers, our correction tape or fluid, and the “delete” key. 3-4. I’m trying to be less __________, but I still sometimes act on impulse. Later, in retrospect, I always __________ myself for not using better judgment. Page 22 in textbook. Answers: 8. ubiquitous; 9. maudlin; 10. impetuous The next slide explains the answers. 5-6. Since my father died, reminders of him seem _________, I know I’m being __________, but everywhere I look I see something that makes me cry.

SENTENCE CHECK 2 their money on gambling and ostentations clothes. A. berate B. estrange C. euphoric D. impetuous E. infallible F. maudlin G. regress H. relinquish I. ubiquitous J. zenith 7-8. Patrick ________(e)d his wife when he frittered away their money on gambling and ostentations clothes. Since their separation, their young daughter has _________(e)d to infantile behavior. Page 22 in textbook. Answers: 8. ubiquitous; 9. maudlin; 10. impetuous The next slide explains the answers. 9-10. Our neighborhood basketball team reached its __________ when it won the county tournament. The local businesses that had subsidized the team were delighted, and the players themselves were __________.