ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä ITKS540 Introduction to mobile technology and business Jani Kurhinen Fall 2008

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Contents The course provides overall view of the mobile computing sector: –Technologies –Application scenarios Communication Entertainment Industrial –Social aspects –Business models and scenarios

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Study methods Traditional lectures –Slides will be available. Group discussions as a part of a lecture –Tuesdays in September (3 times). –Self-study material will be provided on previous Thursday. One assignment work. Final examination.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Evaluation Normal numerical grading (1-5) 15p = 1, 27p = 5; max 30p Final examination: –5 questions, á 6p

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Motivation to the course The development of both information technology hardware and software has created new possibilities and challenges: –The current technology enables the usage of real time data. –Availability and a speed of networks are limited.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Motivation to the course There are a lot of different types of wireless devices for different purposes. Users of the wireless or mobile terminals have totally different needs from an old- fashioned PC user. Mobile computing is different from traditional stationary computing.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä What are mobile applications? When talking about mobile applications the client device is expected to be a pocket-fitting device. –Smart phones, palm-size or handheld computers... This type of services are targeted for devices of the macro-mobile environment. –Small size, limited bandwidth, low processing power.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä An alternative approach Essential part of current computing infrastructure. User needs vary from lightweight entertainment to heavyweight industrial systems –(or vice versa)

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Why are mobile applications needed? People are moving even more than before –They must still be able to manage contacts and events and access networked information. The web created new needs for availability of information. –Instant access to needed data. –Data must be available 24h a day.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Why are mobile applications needed? What is mobile computing? –Usually mobile computing is associated with web access using the cell phone. –A connection from the field to an internal network of a company is also easily considered as mobile computing.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Why are mobile applications needed? Mobile computing also includes any kind of data processing with some kind of an easily portable device whether or not it has a connection to a network or other devices.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile vs. wireless What does wireless mean? –Wireless defines a way to connect two or more devices to each other. MobileWireless Cell phoneInfrared connection PagerBluetooth connection Electronic calendarWiFi connection

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä How does mobilisation change the types of services? Quality of service may vary during the connection. –Bandwidth, delay, reliability. Security issues must be considered. –Man-in-the-middle. –Lost/stolen client terminal. –Lost data. Context sensitivity.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile content User rates of the Internet and mobile phones are high in the same countries. –It seems that these techniques spread all over the world hand in hand. "Developing in HTML for Web is soon going to be as sexy as developing in Cobol for the IBM S/360" --Johan Hjelm 2000

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile content If a user doesn't get positive user experience, he/she will disappoint to the whole system –Not just your service or the terminal, but also everything in between. –Instead of designing for presentation, you need to design for the whole user experience. Not to make information look nice, but to make it work well.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile content Data connection made with mobile terminal differs from connection made with PC. –You are not just browsing in the web, but you need (or want) something. Users are not interested to have web everywhere, they just want the data.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Development of the mobile services In the first phase engineers tried to think what could be fitted into 160 characters. –Phone numbers, addresses, horoscopes… The second phase was translating existing (web) services to mobile terminals. The third one is to create new services to mobile terminals.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Development of the mobile computing The era started when movement of people become crucial. –The first phase was nomadic computing. It wasn't anymore enough to share data between co-workers at the office. The mobility of the people and data access were the key elements.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Development of the mobile computing For nomadic computing the data access include –communication, –personal information management, –information access and –temporary storing of modified data. Note that the mobility of the computing devices are not necessary required, but mobility of the data and user profiles.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Development of the mobile computing The second phase was true mobile computing. –Users require that they are able not just to be mobile, but also perform data processing tasks while moving.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Development of the mobile computing Originally the true mobile computing had two main reasons: –wireless access to networks (both communication and information) and –management of rapidly changing personal data. Today entertainment and leisure activities have important role.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Development of the mobile computing The purpose of mobile devices was not to replace desktop workstations or server computers. –The purpose was to offer a new way to deal with information.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä The cost of mobility Mobile elements are resource poor when compared to static elements. –Mobile device should be small. –The size of the mobile device leads to smaller resources. Mobile elements are easier to be damaged, stolen or lost. –They are fragile, valuable and small.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä The cost of mobility Mobile elements rely on batteries. –Energy for running mobile device must be carried with the device. –Only finite time of battery power is available. Wireless networks are more expensive, slower and less reliable.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä The cost of mobility A resource-poor mobile device can’t be the only data processing device. –Data must be synchronised with other computing devices. Mobile computing systems are not yet standardised enough. –Every mobile platform offers its own applications and service solutions.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile terminals don’t suite for every situation If a new technology doesn’t bring along any value it shouldn’t be used. Is the form of the data such kind that it is meaningful to present on a screen of a mobile terminal? –Large database tables of multimedia presentations would not be best viewed with a tiny screen.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile computing What if mobile computing could be more? Mobile device is usually regarded just a mobile device. –Everything that has something to do with a wireless or mobile are classified to the same category. –A vehicle-mounted terminal in a lift truck has only a little common with a smart phone.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile computing Because of wide range of requirements it is impossible to offer one device for everyone. –Different kinds of devices are needed to fulfill users’ needs. –One needs as small a phone with a calendar as possible while other needs water resistant tool that won’t break easily.

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Mobile computing It is important to understand that there are multiple types of mobile environments. –Each environment has its own users and own dedicated mobile devices. What kind of devices can be classified as a mobile computing device?

ITKS540 Fall 2008University of Jyväskylä Primary purpose of use CommunicationData processing Mobility (size) Smart phone Communicator Handheld computer Tablet computer Ultra portable Laptop