Chapter 1 - Introduction This slide presentation is designed to be viewed as a Slide Show. If viewed as a Slide Show your will be able to observe the animation and you should have functional hyperlinks. When in the Slide Show view, click to advance the slide. If the presentation is working very slowly, you may want to save it to your computer and then run the show. I hope you find this presentation interesting.

September 11, 2001 Remember Click to advance slide When I originally created this presentation, it was shortly after Sept. 11. When I updated my slides, I couldn’t delete these slides. I think we just have to remember! Click to advance slide

Terrorists - God may give you mercy, but we will not! Senator John McCain

COMPUTER LITERACY Knowing how to use a computer Knowledge and understanding of computers and how they are used in society

Information Processing Cycle What Is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Accepts data (Input) Manipulates Data (Processing) Produces information (Output) Information Processing Cycle

Information Processing Cycle D I Data are changed into Information (Facts) (Useful Form) Input Process Output Storage Communications

What is Green computing? Involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer Strategies include: Recycling Regulating manufacturing processes Extending the life of computers Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER Input Process Output Storage Input Devices Output Devices System Unit contains Processing Devices CPU & Main Memory (RAM) Storage Devices Communications Devices

Output Output Storage Input Input Input Input Input Process Output Communications Input Input Input Process Output Input

What is the system unit? system unit Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

Processor Memory Adapter cards What are common components inside the system unit? Circuitry power supply ports drive bays processor memory sound card video card modem card network card Processor Memory Adapter cards Sound card Modem card Video card Network card

What is the motherboard? processor chip adapter cards memory chips memory slots motherboard Expansion slots for adapter cards Main circuit board in system unit Contains adapter cards, processor chips, and memory chips

What is storage? Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media Physical material on which data is stored Hard disks, CD &DVDs, flash media more Floppy disks (no more, obsolete!) Storage device The mechanism that retrieves & records (reads/writes) data to and from the storage media

Types of storage media Hard disks, flash media, CDs & DVDs, floppy disks, others?

What are communication devices? Hardware that enables a computer to send & receive data Modem Network card Transmission media Cables, telephone lines, radio networks, satellites and other? Check Webopedia for a definition

Why use a computer? Why is a computer so powerful? Close to the speed of light Low failure rate Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communications Process error free GIGO ! Garbage In Garbage Out Total & instant recall Share resources: devices & data

What is Computer Software? Computer programs A series of instructions that tells the computer hardware how to perform tasks Two general categories of software System Software Operating system Utility program Application Software

Systems Software Coordinates hardware and runs application software Operating system User interface Graphical user interface (GUI – icons & menus) Microsoft Windows 98, ME & 2000, XP, Windows 7 Utility programs Help manage the computer, its devices & programs Examples include: Uninstall, format disks, add printers, etc.

Application Software Performs specific tasks Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics Many other tasks

How do we obtain software? The operating system is usually bundled with the computer when purchased Some applications may be bundled with the computer Packaged software Custom software Shareware Freeware and public-domain software

Works with users & programmers to design programs COMPUTER SOFTWARE Software Development Computer programmers Programming languages Visual Basic C++ Java Systems analyst Works with users & programmers to design programs

What are the elements of an Information System? When System Analysts work with an information system they must consider all of the elements Hardware Software Data People Procedures

What is a Network? A collection of computers & devices Sharing connected resources Hardware (often wireless) Software Data Local Area Network – LAN Office & close buildings like a campus Wide Area Network – WAN Large geographic area like to U Mary Fargo

What is a server? A server manages the resources on a network Clients access the resources on the server

What is the Internet? A worldwide collection of networks 1969

What is the Web? The World Wide Web is a service on or a part of the Internet Connects Web sites containing Web pages through a means of hyperlinks 1991

What is the Internet/Web used for? Internet uses: E-mail Accessing Information Shopping Meeting people – social networking (Facebook) Entertainment Remember that the World Wide Web is one part/a service on the Internet Web browsers help navigate the WWW Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator

What is social networking? A Web site that encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users

What are the Seven Categories of Computers? 1 The Personal Computer category includes Desktop computers Two popular architectures are: 1. PCs & 2. MACs (Apple)

PERSONAL COMPUTERS Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself If the PC is not connected to another (host) computer It is said to be a “stand alone computer”

What is a Workstation? A very powerful PC (desktop) used for intense calculations & graphic intensive applications (graphic art , desktop publishing, multimedia, etc.) Tower Model

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS 1. Personal computers 2 Mobile Computers Notebook or laptop Tablet PC Mobile Devices Smart Phones Digital cameras E-book readers Media players

What is a Tablet PC? Useful for taking handwritten notes. Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen

3 - Game Consoles? A mobile computer using handheld controllers as input devices. Surgeons hone skills using the Wii system.

Mobile Computers Click on the blackberry above to start the video tobacco

Mobile Computers Click the Smart Cards to view a video

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS 1. Personal computers 2. Mobile computers 3. Game Consoles 4 Servers Control the access to hardware, software, & data Provide a centralized storage area

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS 1. Personal computers 2. Mobile computers 3. Game Consoles 4. Servers 5 Mainframe computers

Mainframe Computers are Bigger Than Servers Very powerful & expensive Can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

6 SUPERCOMPUTERS Fastest, most powerful computers Able to process more than one quadrillion instructions per second and growing! 1 quadrillion = 1,000 trillion

How fast are these supercomputers? Let’s try to understand the terminology used in the video (next slide). FLOP = a floating point operation (I think it is a mathematical calculation of fractions.) I am going to think about one mathematical calculation. Kilo = 1,000 mathematical calculation per second Mega = 1,000,000 (a million) Giga = 1,000,000,000 (a billion; current PCs) Tera = 1,000,000,000,000 (a trillion) Peta = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (one quadrillion) Currently (July, 2011) a Japanese supercomputer running at 8 petaflops is the world’s fastest computer

Click to view video

7 - Embedded computers? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Consumer Electronics Mobile and digital telephones Digital televisions Cameras Video recorders DVD players and recorders Answering machines Home Automation Devices Thermostats Sprinkling systems Security monitoring systems Appliances Lights Automobiles Antilock brakes Engine control modules Airbag controller Cruise control Process Controllers and Robotics Remote monitoring systems Power monitors Machine controllers Medical devices Computer Devices and Office Machines Keyboards Printers Faxes Copiers

Examples of Computer Applications in Society Education Finance Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Industry p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43

Video: Computer History in a Barn CLICK TO START

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uudHO9PBGRc back to results History of Computers Click on the rectangle above to start the video 300 computers in 140 seconds

Embedded Computers Click on the rectangle above to start the video Smart Dust Micro Computers 2:30 minute video

Chapter 1 Complete