Maternal Health National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

NFHS-3, India, Content Antenatal Care and Use of Antenatal Care and Use of Ultrasound Ultrasound Delivery Care Postnatal Care

NFHS-3, India, Women* Who Received Antenatal Care * For last births in the past 3 years Percent

NFHS-3, India, Women* Who Received Antenatal Care * For last births in the past 3 years Up 11 pts Up 12 pts Percent

NFHS-3, India, Women* Who Received 3+ ANC Visits * For last births in the past 3 years Only two-thirds of women who receive any ANC, have the recommended 3+ ANC visitsOnly two-thirds of women who receive any ANC, have the recommended 3+ ANC visits The share receiving 3+ ANC visits among women who have any ANC is nearly unchanged since NFHS-2The share receiving 3+ ANC visits among women who have any ANC is nearly unchanged since NFHS-2 Percent

NFHS-3, India, Women* Who Received ANC In the First Trimester * For last births in the past 3years 56% of women who receive any ANC, received ANC in the first trimester56% of women who receive any ANC, received ANC in the first trimester The share receiving ANC in their first trimester among women who have any ANC is up by 6 percentage points since NFHS-2The share receiving ANC in their first trimester among women who have any ANC is up by 6 percentage points since NFHS-2 Percent

NFHS-3, India, Are women* receiving appropriate ANC?  76% of women received two or more tetanus toxoid injections Among women who received ANC:  Less than two-thirds had weight, blood, or urine taken, or blood pressure measured  Three-fourths had their abdomen examined  36% were told about pregnancy complications * For last births in the past 5 years

NFHS-3, India, % of married and 59% of pregnant women are anaemic. So, are pregnant women* getting iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation? Percent *For last births in the past 5 years

NFHS-3, India, What are some notable differentials in access to ANC*? Percent * For last births in the past 5 years

NFHS-3, India, Pregnancies with an Ultrasound Percent of pregnancies in the past 5 years ResidenceWealth IndexEducation

NFHS-3, India, Are ultrasounds being conducted for sex-selection? There is evidence of sex selection, when the sex ratio at birth deviates from the normal of about girls per 1,000 boys There is evidence of sex selection, when the sex ratio at birth deviates from the normal of about girls per 1,000 boys Thus, the question can be answered by examining the sex ratio of births that result after a pregnancy with an ultrasound Thus, the question can be answered by examining the sex ratio of births that result after a pregnancy with an ultrasound

NFHS-3, India, Are ultrasounds being conducted for sex-selection? Girls per 1,000 boys born in the past 5 years (for pregnancies with an ultrasound) 1 child3 children 2 children

NFHS-3, India, Content Antenatal Care and Use of Antenatal Care and Use ofUltrasound Delivery Care Delivery Care Postnatal Care Postnatal Care

NFHS-3, India, Trends in Delivery Care * For live births in the past 5 years Percent Only about 1 in 7 home deliveries are assisted by a skilled provider

NFHS-3, India, Percentage point change between NFHS-2 and NFHS-3 States Remained unchanged (2 states) Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland Increased less than 7 percentage point (7 states) (7 states) Assam, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Jharkhand, Tripura, West Bengal Increased by 7-14 percentage points (10 states) Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Mizoram Increased by 15 or more percentage points (10 states) Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttaranchal Trends in Institutional Deliveries by State

NFHS-3, India, Selected Differentials in Institutional Deliveries* *For live births in the past five years Residence Wealth index Caste/tribe Percent

NFHS-3, India, Are women* using the public sector for their deliveries? *For live births in the past 5 years Residence Wealth index Caste/tribe Percent

NFHS-3, India, How common are caesarean- section deliveries? 9% of live births in the past 5 years were delivered by c-section  16% of first births are delivered by a c- section  C-sections increase sharply with women’s education and wealth  C-sections are almost twice as common for deliveries in the private sector than in the public sector: 28 vs. 15 percent

NFHS-3, India, Content Antenatal Care and Use of Antenatal Care and Use ofUltrasound Delivery Care Delivery Care Postnatal Care Postnatal Care

NFHS-3, India, Are women receiving postnatal care? Percent * For last births in the past 5 years For births whose mothers received postnatal care, care was provided: care was provided: -By doctors for 72% -By ANMs and other health personnel by 20% -By ANMs and other health personnel by 20% -By dais or TBAs by 8% -By dais or TBAs by 8% For only 20% of home births was there any postnatal careFor only 20% of home births was there any postnatal care

NFHS-3, India, Postnatal Care Institutional Deliveries Percent

NFHS-3, India, Summary  Any ANC increased by 11 percentage points and 3+ ANC visits by 7 percentage points between NFHS-2 and NFHS-3  Still, half or less than half of women get ANC in the first trimester and get 3+ ANC visits  Institutional deliveries increased by 7 percentage points between NFHS-2 and NFHS-3  Nonetheless, more than half the deliveries still take place at home; half are not assisted by health personnel  The majority of mothers with a recent delivery did not receive any postnatal care

NFHS-3, India, Conclusion Despite improvements in the provision of maternal health care, at the current rate of change at no more than one percentage point a year, women’s reproductive health will continue to suffer well into this century.