1. Which two parameters determine how much light reaches the image sensor? 2. You're shooting fast action scenes at night and getting lots of blur because your shutter speed is too slow, even though you're already using the largest aperture possible. Name two ways you could achieve a faster shutter speed. 3. Using a huge f/0.7 aperture lens, I can utilize fast shutter speeds that let me handhold the camera without blur, even in the darkest low-light situations. Why might I still want to carry around a tripod, to shoot things like landscapes or macros? 4. You're in a scene where the light is changing constantly, so you have to rely on autoexposure instead of manual. Which exposure program would you use to ensure you always have the fastest shutter speed possible: Aperture priority, Shutter priority, Program, Automatic Week 2 Quiz

Blur in the Image Sensor Inconsistent light

Blur in the Image Sensor Inconsistent light

Camera Shake Three (3) Degrees of Freedom: Rotational shake Lateral Shake Fore-aft Shake

Image Frame As camera shakes/rotates, the image frame that it covers (“field of view”) shifts Capturing inconsistent image yields blur

Image Frame If the camera shakes less, the image changes less More consistent image yields less blur

Wider angle of view means same physical rotation/shake alters field of view less This more consistent image yields less blur

30˚ shake Narrow angle 8˚ shake Narrow angle 30˚ shake Wide angle

How much blur? θ = angle of view Φ = angle of rotation (shake) 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount

How much blur? θ = angle of view Δx = camera displacement 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount r = subject distance

How much blur? θ = angle of view Δz = camera displacement 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount r = subject distance

Rotational shakeLateral shakeFore-aft shake

Shutter speed rule Focal length (mm)

Shake reduction techniques Tripod! Shutter release Delay shutter Second shot Breathing method Multi shot Wider angle Improvised tripods