Early Mammals: Morganucodontids

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Presentation transcript:

Early Mammals: Morganucodontids

Early Mammals: Triconodonts Till recently, known only from teeth and a few other skeletal fragments. Similar to Morganucodontids, except the cusps are linear. Jeholodens

Discovered in China a few years ago Mammalian pectoral girdle Triconodonts cont., Jeholodens Discovered in China a few years ago Mammalian pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle only– loss of coracoids and interclavicle) Pelvic girdle is still ancestral ilium, ischium and pubis are separate, epipubic bones are present. Sprawling posture – limbs not rotated under body. Demonstration of mosaic evolution. pectoral girdle is derived, but the pelvic girdle is primitive.

Triconodonts cont., Repenomamus giganticus

Early Mammals: Multituberculates Kryptobataar.

Multituberculates cont. Ptilodus Ptilodus- arboreal adaptations (sharp claws, mobile, reversible foot, prehensile tail) Canada

Early Mammals: Pantotheres Paraphyletic- used informally Mid Jurassic Earliest bifunctional teeth - single cheek tooth with grinding and shearing function. Tribosphenic molars, ( primitive tooth type for living mammals)

Early Mammals: Recent finds Bishops, Ausktribosphenos

Prototheria Eutherians Metatherians Pantotheres Trichodonts Multituberculates Monotremes Morganucodontids

Monotremes

Monotremes: Fossil Record Archer et al 1985 Steropodon galmanii 125 MYA (Lightning Ridge sandstone deposits, New South Wales) Teeth resemble those of a juvenile platypus Second find- Kollikodon ritchiei, 1995, suggests diversification by early Cretaceous

Monotremes: Fossil Record cont. Tertiary Fossils Obdurodon insignis (1970), O. dicksoni (Archer 1992) Miocene Kept teeth at maturity May have been terrestrial Megalibgwilia ramsayi (Griffiths 1991), Zaglossus hacketti Giant echidnas Z. hacketti = largest monotreme ever

Monotreme origins and distribution: Paleocene platypus tooth discovered in Argentina (Pascual, 1992)

Tachyglossus - short-beaked echidna Monotremes Often called ‘primitive’… a misnomer Mosaics of primitive and derived traits Tachyglossus - short-beaked echidna

Monotremes: Primitive characters Coracoid- fused with scapula as ‘corocoid process’ in most mammals Together with scapula, form joint for insertion of proximal end of humerus

Monotremes: Primitive characters Reproductive characters

Monotremes: Derived characters

Tachyglossidae - Echidnas (2 G, 2 s)

Tachyglossidae - continued Tachyglossus aculeatus Atelerix frontalis Zaglossus bruijni

Ornithorhynchidae (Platypus) Ornithorhynchus Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences No. 1372, Platypus Biology: Recent Advances and Reviews, Jul. 29, 1998, pp. 1057-1238 Ornithorhynchidae (Platypus) Ornithorhynchus

Ornithorhynchidae (Platypus) Ornithorhynchus

Grant et al 1998

Grant et al 1998

Grant et al 1998