Cell Structure Review And Microscopes

What are the 3 parts to the cell theory??? All organisms are made of cells The cell carries out the basic functions of life All new cells arise from preexisting cells

Which scientists contributed to the Cell Theory? Matthias Schleiden (Plant Cells) Theodore Schwann (Animal Cells) Rudolph Virchow (Cells come from pre-existing cells)

Follow up, he saw “boxes” under the microscope, which he termed… This scientist observed cork cells… Robert Hooke Follow up, he saw “boxes” under the microscope, which he termed… CELLS!

Prokaryotes Unicellular No Nucleus SIMPLE Carries out Life Functions Examples: Archaeabacteria/Eubactera

LABEL IT! Cell Wall Cell Membrane Ribosome DNA

LABEL IT! Cell Membrane Cell Wall DNA Cell Wall Cell Membrane Ribosome Ribosomes DNA

Hint – Remember YOUkaryotic Eukaryotes Multi/unicellular NUCLEUS IS PRESENT Has membrane bound organelles (VERY COMPLEX) Carries out Life Functions Examples: Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals Hint – Remember YOUkaryotic

Plant or Animal? ANIMAL

plant Plant or Animal?

Specialized structures that perform important functions within a eukaryotic cell. Organelle!

Holds nearly all of the cell’s DNA, which has the coded directions for making proteins and other important molecules. Can be thought of as the “control center” of the cell. Surrounded by an envelope with many holes that allow materials to move into and out of the nucleus. NUCLEUS

A small area within the nucleus where the ribosomes are SYNTHESIZED Condensed section… NUCLEOLUS

“Storage facility” of the cell “Storage facility” of the cell. Large membrane sacs that can hold materials such as water (especially in plant cells), salts, proteins and sugars. Smaller pouches that store and transport materials throughout the cell. Vacuoles & Vesicles

Lysosomes “Clean-up crew” of the cell. (Trashcan) Small organelle filled with enzymes that break down lipids, sugars and proteins into smaller molecules. Lysosomes

Made up of many protein filaments running through the cytoplasm. Gives the cell its shape, internal organization and helps organelles move throughout the cell Cytoskeleton

Small structures that help to organize and coordinate cell division Animals ONLY Centrioles

CYTOPLASM Jello of the cell! The fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus. All of the organelles are suspended within this! CYTOPLASM

Ribosomes “Factory workers” of the cell. Made up of RNA. Responsible for creating proteins based on the instructions provided by DNA Smaller in Pro/Larger in Euk Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum “Assembly line” of the cell. Organelle where lipid parts of the cell membrane are put together. Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Of the rough and smooth ER this is the site of detoxification of drugs! Specifically Makes lipids SMOOTH ER

Assist with Protein Synthesis & Transport What does the ROUGH ER do?? Assist with Protein Synthesis & Transport

GOLGI APPARATUS “Packaging center” of the cell. Modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the ER. Makes packages for storage in the cell or for release outside the cell. PANCAKES OF THE CELL (YUM!) GOLGI APPARATUS

CHLOROPLAST Chlorophyll FOLLOW UP – pigment found here?!?!? Plant Cells ONLY “Solar power plant” Takes energy from sunlight and changes it into chemical energy the plant can use FOLLOW UP – pigment found here?!?!? CHLOROPLAST Chlorophyll

MITOCHONDRIA POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL (ATP) Converts chemical energy from food into energy the cell can more easily use MITOCHONDRIA

CELL WALL Supports, shapes, protects the cell Plants, prokaryotes, some fungi CELL WALL

A strong, flexible barrier that controls what materials enter and leave the cell. All cells have this CELL MEMBRANE

Microtubules 1. Cytoskeleton 2. Flagella 3. Cilia 4. Centrioles Hollow tubes composed of proteins which make up various structures in different types of cells. Can be synthesized or broken down as needed. 1. Cytoskeleton 2. Flagella 3. Cilia 4. Centrioles Follow up – WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES WE DISCUSSED??!?

Cilia Flagella Cilia vs. Flagella Tiny hairs Aid in movement of protists Move materials across the body Surfaces in humans Cilia line our RESPIRATORY tract Help clear out debris with aid of mucus Act as propellers and allow an organism to move Long hair-like structure Sperm Cells Euglena

Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell *Bacteria Eukaryotic PLANT cell *Elodea Eukaryotic ANIMAL cell *Cheek Epi. Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Chromosomes (DNA/RNA) Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria

Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell *Bacteria Eukaryotic PLANT cell *Elodea Eukaryotic ANIMAL cell *Cheek Epi. Chloroplasts Vacuoles/Vesicles Lysosomes Ribosomes Smooth & Rough ER Golgi Apparatus Cytoskeleton Centrioles