Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Energy powerhouses Maddie Hughes, Izzie Gall, Erin Semple, Alex Capaldo, Alex Park

Mitochondria

Power centers of a cell o Plant or animal Provide energy for the cell o Motion o Division o Secretion o Contraction Present in all living cells More concentrated in muscle cells The reason animals require oxygen

Mitochondria: Structure Double membrane o Outer membrane  Simple phospholipid bilayer  Easy for molecules like ATP or sugar to penetrate  Smooth  Separates inner membrane space from vacuole o Inner membrane  Cristae greatly increase the membrane's surface area  Site of ATP production from oxygen and sugar  Krebs/citric acid cycle

Mitochondria: Structure Non-membrane spaces o Intermembrane space  Between outer and inner membranes  Contains energy before it is released to the cytoplasm/vacuole  Contains oxygen, water, CO 2 on their way to cristae o Matrix  Within cristae  Contains enzymes used during Krebs cycle

Chloroplasts

Aid the mitochondria in energy production o Plant cells only Contain chlorophyll o Absorbs light o Responsible for green coloration Responsible for creation of oxygen

Chloroplasts: Structure Double membrane o Outer membrane  Simple phospholipid bilayer  Easy for molecules like ATP or sugar to penetrate  Smooth o Inner membrane  Regulates substances entering chloroplast  Smooth Thylakoids  Location of photosynthesis (the "light" reactions)  Membrane disks  Equivalent of mitochondrial cristae  Arranged in grana (stacks)

Chloroplasts: Structure Non-membrane spaces o Stroma  Space between thylakoid disks  Site of "dark" reactions of photosynthesis  Contains the enzymes required for these reactions

Chloroplasts Create energy for the cell o Convert light into ATP Plant cells only Create O 2 and carbs Double membrane Krebs cycle o Takes place on thylakoids, separate from membranes Mitochondria Create energy for the cell o Convert food energy into ATP Plant and animal cells Consume O 2 and carbs Double membrane Calvin cycle o Takes place on cristae, identical to the inner membrane o

Sources HyperPhysics. C.R. Knave/Georgia State University, Web. 1 Sept Sullivan, Jim. "Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation." Cells Alive. 31 Aug Experimental Biosciences: Introductory Laboratory Bios 211. David R. Caprette, Rice University, 25 June Web. 2 Sept "Chloroplasts." Kimball's Biology Pages. Ed. John W. Kimball. John W. Kimball, 10 August Web. 2 Sept