Mitochondria and respiratory chains SBS-922 Membrane Proteins John F. Allen School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London

SBS-922 MEMBRANE PROTEINS 2006 / 2007 The lectures are at 10.00am (Physics LT), 12.00pm (PP1) and 2pm (PP2) on Friday of each week in Semester A. Lecture rd November. Isolation of respiratory chain complexes. Proton pumping by respiratory chain complexes, transport proteins and ATP synthase. NAD + /NADH, FMN/FMNH 2 and iron-sulphur centres. Prof. J. F. Allen HAND IN FIRST PIECE OF COURSEWORK SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING (READING) WEEK Lecture th November. Complex I. Structure and Function. Prof. J. F. Allen Lecture th November. Complex I. Evolution. Prof. J. F. Allen Lecture th November. FEEDBACK SESSION Prof C. Mullineaux DISCUSS SAMPLE ANSWERS TO EXAMINATION QUESTION Lecture th November. Complex III.. Prof. J. F. Allen Lecture th November. Structure of Complex III. Prof. J. F. Allen Lecture th November Complex III (Protein dynamics and the Q cycle) Prof. J. F. Allen Lecture st December. ATP synthase. Function and mechanism (binding change). Dr S E J Rigby Lecture st December. ATP synthase. Structure and Function. Dr S E J Rigby Lecture th December. ATP synthase. ATP synthase. Evidence for rotation. Dr S E J Rigby Lecture th December. Professor P R Rich. Cytochrome oxidase. Introduction to course essay!

Molecular Biology of the Cell Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter Garland publishing. Lane N. Power, Sex, Suicide. Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life.Oxford University Press. October Allen JF.Allen JF. Power for life.Nature Oct 27;437(7063): Allen JF, Puthiyaveetil S, Strom J, Allen CA.Allen JF, Puthiyaveetil S, Strom J, Allen CA. Energy transduction anchors genes in organelles.Bioessays Apr;27(4): References Nicholls DJ, Ferguson, SJ. Bioenergetics3. Academic Press/Elsevier Science 2002

– mitochondria power animal and plant cells – mitochondria are "domesticated" bacteria – during "domestication" - cell evolution - these bacteria relinquished many genes to the nucleus of the host cell....…and there are now few left (13 in the case of vertebrates, including mammals, including humans) encoding around 1 % of mitochondrial proteins And it is always the same 1 %..... Why? Mitochondria (singular; mitochondrion).

Scientific Art From Lane, N. (2005) Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life

Mighty Mitochondria copyright Odra Noel

A mitochondrion—one of many tiny power- houses within cells that control our lives in surprising ways copyright Ina Schuppe-Koistinen

Tomograph of rat liver mitochondrion C.A. Mannella, Wadsworth Center

This is a look inside an isolated mitochondrion, showing the outer membrane (OM), inner peripheral membrane (IM), and some of the internal compartments called cristae (C) formed by infolding of the inner membrane. Arrows point to narrow tubular regions of the IM that connect cristae to periphery and to each other.

Goodsell, D. S. The Machinery of Life. Springer-Verlag, New York and Berlin, 1993

Allen, J. F. (2003) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B458, 19-38

IIIIIIIVATPase Mitochondrial matrix Inter-membrane space

Protein subunit encoded in mitochondrial DNA Protein subunit encoded in nuclear DNA Direction of vectorial proton translocation H+H+ Direction of electron transfer Mitochondrial inner membrane

IIIIIIIVATPase Mitochondrial matrix Inter-membrane space H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ NADHO2O2 ATP ADP H2OH2O NAD + succinatefumarate

Figure The path of electrons through the three respiratory enzyme complexes. The relative size and shape of each complex are shown. During the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen (red lines), ubiquinone and cytochrome c serve as mobile carriers that ferry electrons from one complex to the next. As indicated, protons are pumped across the membrane by each of the respiratory enzyme complexes. Molecular Biology of the Cell Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter. 2002

Next lecture Lecture th November. Complex I. Structure and Function. Prof. J. F. Allen