THE CELL THEORY

All living things are made of cells.

Cells come from other cells.

The parts of a cell act like the organs of the body The parts of a cell act like the organs of the body. That is why they are called organelles (little organs).

Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. It surrounds the cell to protect it and allows some materials to enter and leave the cell.

Cell membrane

The jellylike stuff in the cell is called the cytoplasm

Cell membrane Cytoplasm

Cells have a nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is the nuclear membrane Cells have a nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is the nuclear membrane. Inside the nucleus are the chromosomes (DNA, genes). The chromosomes control the rest of the cell and pass on characteristics to the offspring.

Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus

The endoplasmic reticulum, abbreviated ER, carries material through the cell. Sometimes it has ribosomes (rough ER) and sometimes it doesn’t have ribosomes (smooth ER).

Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum

The ribosomes make the proteins that the cell needs The ribosomes make the proteins that the cell needs. They make what the DNA tells them to make.

Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

The Golgi bodies are flattened sacs where the proteins that the ribosomes made are put together so that they can be used by the cell.

Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Golgi body Endoplasmic reticulum

The lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cell parts, food that the cell has taken in, or invaders like bacteria.

Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Golgi body Endoplasmic reticulum

Vacuoles hold stuff for the cell Vacuoles hold stuff for the cell. They can hold water, food, or anything that the cell takes in.

Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Golgi body Vacuole Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuolar membrane

The mitochondria get the food that has already been broken into small pieces by the lysosomes. The mitochondria break all the rest of the bonds.

Remember, when a bond is broken, energy is released Remember, when a bond is broken, energy is released. The mitochondria are called the “Powerhouses” of the cell because they give the cell its energy.

Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Golgi body Vacuole Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuolar membrane

Animal cells have two centrioles. These work when the cell divides.

Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Centrioles Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Golgi body Vacuole Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuolar membrane

Animal cells have many different methods of movement. Cilia are short, hairlike structures used for movement. There are usually many cilia.

Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Centrioles Nucleus Cilia Mitochondria Ribosomes Golgi body Vacuole Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuolar membrane

Flagella are long, whiplike tails used for movement Flagella are long, whiplike tails used for movement. There are usually only a few flagella on a cell.

Flagella Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Centrioles Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Golgi body Vacuole Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuolar membrane

Plant cells are rectangular Plant cells are rectangular. When you look at plant cells under a microscope, they look like a brick wall.

Plant cells have a cell wall which surrounds the cell membrane Plant cells have a cell wall which surrounds the cell membrane. They also have chloroplasts which give the plant its green color and lets the plant make food.

Chloroplasts trap light energy and put it into bonds Chloroplasts trap light energy and put it into bonds. That is how energy gets into our food.

Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome Cytoplasm DNA Cell Wall Golgi body Lysosome Vacuole Vacuolar membrane Mitochondria DNA E E Cell Wall Nucleus Chloroplasts Cell membrane

4. 2. 3. 16. 15. (little pieces) 5. 14. (line) 6.(dots) 13. (circle) 1. Type of cell 4. 2. 3. 16. 15. (little pieces) E 5. 14. (line) 6.(dots) 13. (circle) 12. 11. 10. 7. (maze) (line) 9. 8.

17. Type of cell 6. (dots) 2. 7. (maze) 3. 15. 14. 13. 18. 12. 19. (green) 10. 11. 9. 16. (inside line) 20. What is in #10?