CELLULAR RESPIRATION An overview

___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food AUTOTROPHS In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________ sunlight food (glucose) PHOTOSYNTHESIS

In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called ___________________ What kind of organisms do this? energy broken down ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION

________ (Including _______) ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY! What kind of organisms do this? plantsfungibacteria ______ animals humans

We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants. How do we get the sugar from the plants? Image from: REMEMBER! _______________ get their energy by eating other organisms. HETEROTROPHS eating plants animals

REMEMBER CELL BIO

Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ mitochondria CYTOPLASM Image from:

MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant Surrounded by ___________ membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ ) CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria DOUBLE CRISTAE

All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to charge up their _______ Image from: energy in food ATP

This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________ Image by Riedell Image from: ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! slowly many steps light and heat

PHOTOSYNTHESIS ___________ + _________ + ___________ → _______________ + __________ 6 CO 2 6 H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 _____________ + _________ → ________ + __________ + __________ ______________________________________________________________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6 CO 2 6 H 2 O The two equations are exact opposites!

UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1 ◦ Celsius = _______________ Unit for measuring energy in food = _______________ 1 Calorie = _________ calories Calorie calorie

Remember from Photosynthesis? High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. _______ & ________ NAD + FAD NADP +

See glycolysis movie The first step in cellular respiration = __________________ Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria GLYCOLYSIS CYTOPLASM

Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ ) Glycolysis ____________________________ BUT it needs some ____________to get it started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? split apart DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN ATP sweet ENERGY

________ ↓ ___________ → → _____________ ↓ ____________________ GLUCOSE2 PYRUVIC ACID PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ 2 ATP’s 4 ATP’s GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP’s ATP ATP

PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = ANAEROBIC = AEROBIC

PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN 2 kinds of fermentation ___________________ & _____________________ ANAEROBIC Alcoholic Lactic acid WITHOUT

____________ → __________ + ______ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise CO 2 bubbles make _____________ in bread Alcohol _______________ during cooking CO 2 air spaces evaporates

____________ → __________ + ______ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL Happens when ___________ make _______ or ____________ make ______ CO 2 yeast beer bacteriawine

_____________ → ______________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness exercise muscles

______________ → ______________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like: Yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, cheese sour cream, & kimchi food beverages

Flooded Corn Field plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die. By: Plants do ____________ but photosynthesis oxygen for cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration “ Cellular” – because it happens in the _______________ and _______________ of each cell cytoplasm mitochondria

Cellular Respiration “Respiration” different from the breathing kind of respiration – instead refers to the ________________ or break down of Glucose Burning of fuel

Cellular Respiration Takes place in __________________________ As a way to use glucose to get energy in the form of ATP Both animals and plants

CELLULAR RESPIRATION includes: ______________________ _______________________ GLYCOLYSIS ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN KREBS CYCLE

Break down of Cellular Respiration  Glycolysis (outside the mitochondria)  Aerobic respiration ( inside the mitochondria)  Krebs cycle & ETC  Anaerobic respiration ( outside the mitochondria)  Fermentation

Fig ATP Cytoplasm Glucose Pyruvate Glycolysis Electrons carried via NADH

Fig Mitochondrion ATP Cytoplasm Glucose Pyruvate Glycolysis Electrons carried via NADH ATP Electrons carried via NADH and FADH 2 Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s cycle)

Fig Mitochondrion 2 ATP Cytoplasm Glucose Pyruvate Glycolysis Electrons carried via NADH 2 ATP Electrons carried via NADH and FADH 2 32 ATP Electron transport chain (ETC) Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s cycle)

Cytoplasm Glucose Pyruvate Glycolysis Electrons carried via NADH 2 ATP 32 ATP Electron transport chain (ETC) Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s cycle) Electrons carried via NADH and FADH 2 CO 2 Mitochondrion 2 3C molecules 2 ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 e—H+e—H+ O2O2 H2OH2O 6O 2 6 CO 2 6 H 2 O +++

REMEMBER: The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. The presence or absence of _______________ decides which path it takes next. OXYGEN

Kreb’s Cycle 1.Glycolysis 2.Kreb’s Cycle 3.Electron Transport Chain Glucose e-e- e - +O 2 = H 2 O Aerobic Respiration

Kreb’s Cycle 1.Glycolysis 2.Kreb’s Cycle 3.Electron Transport Chain Glucose e-e- e - +O 2 = H 2 O Aerobic Respiration 2 ATP 32 ATP

WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN? Glycolysis KREBS ET Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN are located in the ___________________________ Cristae of the mitochondria

Comparison Photosynthesis Food _____________ Sun energy ___________________ CO 2 ________________ O 2 _________________ End products: _____________________ Happens in: _____________________ Cell Respiration Food ____________ Sun energy ____________________ CO 2 _________________ O 2 _____________________________ End products: ______________________ Happens in: ______________________ created broken down Stored in glucose Taken in Given off Glucose, O 2 Chloroplast Released from glucose Given off Taken in CO 2, H 2 O Mitochondria

Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO 2 + H 2 O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Glucose + O 2 ATP powers most cellular work Heat energy ATP