Bellwork 12/2/13 – Happy December! Y.O.P. 1. What is fermentation? 2. What are the end products of photosynthesis? 3. Why is cellular respiration important? 4. How might cellular respiration and photosynthesis be related?

Bellwork 12/3/13 - YOP Reflect on the virtual lab from yesterday. Why is elodea important to have in a healthy ecosystem? How would the removal of snails impact the elodea?

Bellwork 12/5/13 - YOP 1. Kreb’s Cycle 2. Glycolysis 3. Electron Transport Chain 4. Fermentation 5. Aerobic 6. Inner membrane of Mitochondria 7. Cellular Respiration 8. Cytoplasm 9. Anerobic 10. Matrix of Mitochondria A. End product is lactic acid or alcohol B. Process that yields 2 ATP and is an aerobic process C. End product is two pyruvate molecules D. Process all living organisms undergo, energy is released E. Yields the bulk of the ATP in cellular respiration F. Location of fermentation and glycolysis G. Requires oxygen H. Location of Kreb’s Cycle I. Does not require oxygen J. Location of the electron transport chain

Cellular Respiration The process by which living things release energy stored in organic molecules. Two Major Stages: 1. Glycolysis 2. Oxidative Respiration or Fermentation

ATP

Glycolysis The Splitting of glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules called pyruvate Occurs in the cytoplasm NAD is reduced to NADH CO2 is released 2 ATP are produced DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

Glycolysis hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter25/ani mation__how_glycolysis_works.html hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter25/ani mation__how_glycolysis_works.html

Anaerobic vs Aerobic Anaerobic = Without Oxygen Fermentation Process by which pyruvate is converted into either alcohol and CO2 or lactic acid Occurs in the cytoplasm H from NADH is attached to pyruvate Only 2 ATP are produced

Anaerobic vs Aerobic Aerobic = With Oxygen Oxidative Respiration is the process by which pyruvate is broken down to form MOST of the energy which is supplied to plants and animals Occurs in the mitochondria Occurs in two major phases 1. Krebs Cycle 2. Electron Transport Chain

Krebs Cycle Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria 2 ATP are produced

Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the membrane of the mitochondria 32 ATP are produced

Aerobic Respiration Each Cell uses between 1-2 billion ATP/min. How many ATP’s are used each minute by all 100 trillion cells in the body? 1 glucose = 686 Cal 1 ATP = 7 Cal How efficient is aerobic respiration? How does the efficiency of your cells compare to the efficiency of an automobile that are only 25% efficient in converting chemical energy into mechanical energy?

Muscle Contraction Glycolysis =2 ATP Lactic Acid Fermentation =2 ATP Aerobic Respiration=34 ATP Creatine Phosphate (5x more than ATP) (donates Phosphate to ADP  ATP) Exercise Requirements: 10 min. taps glycogen for glucose min. Cells use either glucose or fatty acids Beyond 30 min.  fatty acids are primary source

Oxygen Debt The amount of oxygen necessary to convert lactic acid to glycogen Oxygen  lactic acid  pyruvate  ATP or glucose  glycogen No Oxygen = lactic acid build up

Muscle Fatigue Inability of muscle to contract Results from a deficit of ATP and/or accumulation od lactic acid