Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the way that plants make food from sunlight –You take in food which is digested and then transferred.

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Presentation transcript:

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the way that plants make food from sunlight –You take in food which is digested and then transferred to cells for use by mitochondria –Plants can’t “eat” so they make food which is then transferred to the mitochondria –Mitochondria then transform the “food energy” into chemical energy

Photosynthesis Raw Materials 6 CO H 2 O Carbon dioxide Water

Photosynthesis Source of Energy sunlight

Photosynthesis Necessary Catalyst Chlorophyll

Photosynthesis → Produces

Photosynthesis Products C 6 H 12 O O 2 Carbohydrate (glucose sugar) Oxygen (to breathe)

Photosynthesis 6 molecules of carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and 6 molecules of water from the environment will react with sunlight in the presence of chlorophyll to form a molecule of nutrient glucose sugar and release 6 molecules of oxygen gas into the atmosphere OR

Photosynthesis 6 CO H 2 O + light energy → C 6 H 12 O O 2 Carbon dioxide WaterCarbohydrate Oxygen

Photosynthesis Say it in sentence form!

Photosynthesis ______ + ______ + ________ → _______ + ____ Carbon dioxide WaterCarbohydrate Oxygen

Photosynthesis Some bacteria

Photosynthesis Some protists

Photosynthesis Most plants

Photosynthesis Autotroph: organism that makes its own food (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) Heterotroph: organism that must consume food

Vein Epidermis Mesophyll (site of Chloroplasts And Photo- synthesis) Guard cells Vein Stoma Epidermis

Photosynthesis Epidermis: water-proof covering of the surface of the leaf

Photosynthesis Stoma: Opening in the leaves –water exits –O 2 exits –CO 2 enters

Photosynthesis Stoma: Opening in the leaves –water exits –O 2 exits –CO 2 enters Transpiration

Photosynthesis Mesophyll: central layer of cells –contains chloroplast-rich cells –site where most photosynthesis occurs

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis 2 sets of reactions:

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis –LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS

Photosynthesis 2 sets of reactions: –LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS –LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (Calvin cycle)

Light Dependent Reactions Thylakoids contain pigments (molecules that absorb light)

Light Dependent Reactions Thylakoids contain pigments –chlorophyll a absorbs red and blue light reflects green light

Light Dependent Reactions Thylakoids contain pigments –carotenoids absorb blue reflect red and yellow light

Light Dependent Reactions Thylakoids contain pigments –absorb sunlight energy –give up energized electrons

Light Dependent Reactions ATP and NADPH are produced to be used in the next step of photosynthesis: the Calvin cycle (Light Independent Reactions) Requires input of light energy and a water molecule Oxygen is produced and released as a by- product

Light Dependent Reactions Light 2e - Electron acceptor Water molecule is split H2OH2O O 2H + + 2e - Photosystem II Electron Transport System Energy is removed from the electrons as they move down the ETC. The energy is used to convert ADP to ATP ADP + P i + Energy → ATP 2e - Electron acceptor Electron Transport System NADPH + H + 2e - NADP + + 2H + Light ATP and NADPH leave thylakoid and enter stroma to be used in the Calvin cycle Oxygen is released as a by-product

Light Independent Reactions (Calvin cycle)

Calvin cycle Uses ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions Also uses CO 2 taken in through stoma Requires no sunlight; occurs around the clock Produces carbohydrate which is used by mitochondria in respiration

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis 6 molecules of carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and 6 molecules of water from the environment will react with sunlight in the presence of chlorophyll to form a molecule of nutrient glucose sugar and release 6 molecules of oxygen gas into the atmosphere OR

Photosynthesis 6 CO H 2 O + light energy → C 6 H 12 O O 2 Carbon dioxide WaterCarbohydrate Oxygen