BELLWORK 1.How did Dubois view WWI? Why did other black radicals (Trotter, Randolph, Owen) oppose him? 2.During WWI, Wilson pledged “to make the world safe for democracy.” According to black activists, how was this a contradiction? 3.What were the goals of the UNIA? Were they successful? 4.Why did African Americans turn to unions? 5.Describe the goals of the “Racial Counterrevolution.” 6.List three effects of the Great Migration. 7.THINKER: After WWI, the world goes through a “process of radical readjustment.” Do you agree with this? Why would WWI lead to a growth in radical practices (revolutions, demonstrations, strikes, union membership)? Why were Americans threatened by this radical shift?

How did Dubois view WWI? Why did other black radicals oppose him? “We of the colored race have no ordinary interest in the outcome. That which the German power represents today spells death to the aspirations of Negroes and all darker races for equality, freedom, and democracy. Let us not hesitate, let us, while this war lasts, forget our special grievances and close our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our own white fellow citizens and the allied nations that are fighting for democracy. We make no ordinary sacrifice, but we make it gladly and willingly with our eyes lifted to the hills.” W.E.B. Dubois: Close Ranks, 1918

William Monroe Trotter In 1905, he founded the Niagara Movement with W.E.B. Dubois. After leaving this organization, he founded the National Equal Rights League Why did he oppose other activists like Washington and Dubois?

How did black socialists, like Randolph and Owen, view WWI?

During WWI, Wilson pledged “to make the world safe for democracy.” According to black activists, how was this a contradiction?

Explain the “New Negro.” (23)

What were the goals of the UNIA? Were they successful?

Describe the goals of the National Association of Colored Women. (25)

Why did African Americans turn to unions?

According to Kelly Miller, after WWI, the world goes through a “process of radical readjustment.” Do you agree with this? Why would WWI lead to a growth in radical practices, like revolutions, demonstrations, strikes, union membership, etc. Why were Americans threatened by these groups?

What was the purpose of the U.S. Labor Department’s new Division of Negro Economics? How did white southerners view this?

After soldiers returned home, many southern whites implemented a “Racial Counterrevolution.” What were the goals of this counterrevolution?

Explain the effects of the Great Migration.

The Red Scare

Red Scare: Americans fear a communist revolution Discrimination against immigrants Strikes and unions increased internal fear Popularity of anarchy Public officials, the media, and business leaders all contributed to the Red Scare.

The Palmer Raids A. Mitchell Palmer – Wilson’s attorney general & lawyer Believed communists were trying to take over the world After several terrorist attacks were linked to immigrants and anarchists, Palmer received $500,000 from Congress to gather information about radical activities. In November 1919, Palmer staged raids on unions, Russians, and anarchists. In the end more than 4,000 people were arrested without warrants and 556 were deported Spread fear & panic in many Americans

IWW Headquarters after Palmer Raid

Men arrested during Palmer Raids – waiting for deportation

Immigration Act of 1924 According to the U.S. Department of State the purpose of the act was "to preserve the ideal of a homogenous America" Law aimed at restricting immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans Prohibited immigration of Middle Easterners, East Asians and Indians.

Sacco and Vanzetti One of the most controversial court cases during the Red Scare. Two men found guilty of murder and sentenced to death! Evidence inconclusive Both men were Italian immigrants and anarchists

Sacco and Vanzetti Innocent or Guilty……… YOU DECIDE!

Reading: Sacco and Vanzetti After you read the Sacco and Vanzetti article, write an analysis that includes: Summary of evidence Your personal opinion, response. Were they guilty or innocent?

CLOSURE What was the Red Scare? Why do you think so many civilians and government officials were threatened by communism? What were the Palmer Raids? Do you think the government should be allowed to raid houses/businesses if they believe you are a threat to security? Why was the court case of Sacco and Vanzetti so controversial?