Starter 1. What types of elements are present in covalent compounds? 2. What can be said about the conductivity of covalent compounds? 3. What types of.

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Presentation transcript:

Starter 1. What types of elements are present in covalent compounds? 2. What can be said about the conductivity of covalent compounds? 3. What types of elements are present in an ionic compound? 4. Explain the conductivity of ionic compounds.

Used to describe what is happening at each electrode during electrolysis. These equations show either loss of electrons (oxidation) or gain of electrons (reduction). See Pg 7 of data book.

Oxidation Reduction Is Loss (of electrons) Gain (of electrons) Reduction occurs at the –ve electrode Oxidation occurs at the +ve electrode

+ _ ELECTRODE ELECTRON

1. Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide

At the negative electrode: Lead ions need to gain electrons (reduction) to form lead atoms. Ion-electron half equation is: Pb 2+ (l) + 2e -  Pb (l) Lead forms as a liquid.

At the positive electrode Bromide ions need to lose electrons (oxidation) to form bromine atoms. Ion-electron half equation is: 2Br - (l)  Br 2(g) + 2e - Bromine atoms join up in pairs to form diatomic bromine gas (Br 2 ).

2. Electrolysis of copper(II) chloride solution

At the negative electrode: Copper ions need to gain electrons (reduction) to form copper atoms. Ion-electron half equation is: Cu 2+ (aq) + 2e -  Cu (s) Copper metal forms as a brown solid.

At the positive electrode: Chloride ions need to lose electrons (oxidation) to form chlorine atoms. Ion-electron half equation is: 2Cl - (aq)  Cl 2(g) + 2e - Chlorine atoms join up in pairs to form diatomic chlorine gas (Cl 2 ). bleach smell