PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF VACCINATIONS PREVENTING DISEASES IS ESSENTIAL TO CONTROLLING PRODUCTION HEALTH RISKS. PREVENTING ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEMS INVOLVES PROPER ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ADEQUATE NUTRITION (INCLUDING VITAMINS AND MINERALS) STRATEGIC USE OF VACCINATIONS.

VACCINATION PROGRAMS MUST BE CUSTOMIZED FOR YOUR OPERATION. WORK WITH A VETERINARIAN FAMILIAR WITH YOUR BEEF CATTLE OPERATION. ITEMS TO CONSIDER INCLUDE GEOGRAPHIC REGION TYPE OF CATTLE OPERATION FREQUENCY OF INTRODUCING NEW STOCK EXPORT OR INTERSTATE SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS.

FOLLOW MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS DOSAGE METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION NUMBER OF TIMES GIVEN PROPER STORAGE. ADHERE TO DESIGNATED MEAT WITHDRAWAL TIMES THE ANNUAL COST OF A VACCINE HEALTH PROGRAM RANGES FROM $5 TO $12 PER COW- CALF UNIT.

Importance of Nutrition VACCINATION ALONE WILL NOT GUARANTEE A HEALTHY HERD. REQUIREMENTS FOR A VACCINE TO WORK COMPETENT IMMUNE SYSTEM PROPER NUTRITION ENERGY, PROTEIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION. THE BODY CONDITION OF THE COW IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND A SUCCESSFUL COW-CALF OPERATION

4 Reasons To Vaccinate Adult Cattle 1. SURVIVAL REDWATER 2. ENHANCE REPR0DUCTION AND PROTECT FETUS AGAINST ABORTIONS VIBRIO, LEPTO, IBR, BVD, BRUCELLOSIS AS A HEIFER 3. TO PROTECT NEWBORN BLACKLEG, LEPTO, IBR, BVD, PI3, PASTEURELLA 4. PROVIDE A DISEASE BARRIER IN THE HERD ALL OF THE ABOVE

3 Vaccine Forms

Inactivated or Killed Vaccines KILLED VACCINES CONTAIN ORGANISMS OR SUBUNITS THAT HAVE BEEN INACTIVATED DURING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS. THEY DO NOT REPLICATE. REQUIRE INITIAL VACCINATION FOLLOWED BY A BOOSTER VACC 3-4 WEEKS LATER. ANNUAL BOOSTER VACCINATION IS RECOMMENDED. USE AS EARLY AS 2 MO. AND ARE NOT NEUTRALIZED BY MATERNAL ANTIBODIES. EXTREMELY SAFE IN ALL CATTLE DO NOT REQUIRE MIXING CAN BE REUSED IF KEPT COLD AND STERILE EXAMPLES: LEPTO, VIBRIO, PINKEYE, BLACKLEG, BVD, IBR, BRSV, PI3

Modified Live MLVS CONTAIN COMPONENTS OF THE ACTUAL PATHOGEN (ANTIGEN) THAT REPLICATE (REPRODUCE) IN THE ANIMAL’S BODY BEFORE THE RESISTANCE LEVEL IS INCREASED. MLVS STIMULATE A STRONG IMMUNE RESPONSE WITH THE FIRST INJECTION AND USUALLY DO NOT REQUIRE A BOOSTER VACCINATION. MLVS MUST BE MIXED TO BE ACTIVATED USED WITHIN 1 HOUR POST MIXING ARE LIGHT SENSITIVE AND MUST BE KEPT COLD EXAMPLES BRUCELLOSIS VACCINE, AND SOME RESPIRATORY VIRUSES SUCH AS BVD, IBR AND PI3 MOST MODIFIED LIVE VACCINES ARE NOT LABELED FOR PREGNANT ANIMALS THEY ARE INACTIVATED OR NEUTRALIZED IN THE PRESENCE OF MATERNAL ANTIBODIES. THEY ARE USED PRIMARILY IN CALVES GREATER THAN 6 MONTHS OF AGE AND IN HEIFERS PRIOR TO FIRST BREEDING.

Intra-Nasal Vaccines INTRA-NASAL VACCINES: REPLICATING VACCINES THAT REPLICATE ONLY IN SURFACE CELLS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT. PROVIDE RESISTANCE WITHIN 48 HOURS OF ADMINISTRATION. SHORTLIVED PROTECTION BOOSTER VACC 3 WEEKS LATER WITH A MLV OR KILLED VACC STIMULATES A HIGH LEVEL OF RESISTANCE (HIGH ANTIBODY LEVELS) FOR A LONGER PERIOD. ROUTINELY USED ON THE RECEIVING END WHEN SHIPPED FOR PRECONDITIONING, STOCKER OR FEEDLOTS EXAMPLES NASAL IBR | NASAL PI3

What Are The Diseases?

Bacterial Diseases BLACKLEG (CLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI) HIGHLY FATAL TO YOUNG CATTLE. ACUTE DEATH. PASTEURELLOSIS (MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA) CAUSES SHIPPING FEVER PNEUMONIA OFTEN AFTER INFECTION WITH ONE OF THE RESPIRATORY VIRUSES SUCH AS IBR, BVD, PI3, BRSV PINKEYE (MORAXELLA BOVIS) CONTAGIOUS INFECTION OF THE EYE SPREAD BY FLYS DRAINAGE AND ULCERATIONS

VIBRIOSIS (CAMPYLOBACTOR FETUS) VENEREAL DISEASE RESULTING IN FAILURE OF EARLY PREGNANCY AND EXTENDED BREEDING SEASON LEPTOSPIROSIS (5 STRAINS OR VARIETIES) CAUSES KIDNEY DISEASE, ABORTION IN PREGNANT FEMALES AND SICKNESS IN CALVES HAEMOPHILUS (HISTOPHILUS SOMNI) A BACTERIUM THAT CAN CAUSE SEPTICEMIA, RESPIRATORY, NERVOUS SYSTEM, REPRODUCTIVE DISEASES, ARTHRITIS, MYOCARDITIS

CALFHOOD VACCINATION VACC AGAINST BRUCELLA ABORTUS FOR HEIFERS BETWEEN 4 AND 11 MONTHS OLD ANAPLASMOSIS AN OFTEN FATAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF CATTLE CAUSED BY A MICROSCOPIC PARASITE OF RED BLOOD CELLS, SPREAD BY TICKS OR HORSEFLY BITES OR BY REUSING NEEDLES OR INSTRUMENTS BETWEEN INFECTED ANIMALS. A VACCINE IS AVAILABLE WITH A CONDITIONAL USDA LICENSE, BUT UNLESS THE RISK IS HIGH, A ROUTINE VACCINATION FOR ANAPLASMOSIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED. TRICHOMONIASIS (TRICHOMONAS FOETUS) PROTOZOA VENEREAL DISEASE RESULTING IN FAILURE OF EARLY PREGNANCY AND EXTENDED BREEDING SEASONS

Viral Diseases BVD (BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHEA) RESULTS IN PROBLEMS, SUCH AS DAMAGE TO THE DIGESTIVE AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS, PNEUMONIA, ABORTIONS, CALF DEFORMITIES, AND OTHERS. IBR (INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS) HERPES VIRUS, RESULTING IN RESPIRATORY SIGNS, REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE, AND ABORTIONS. SOMETIMES CALLED RED NOSE OFTEN INITIATES THE SHIPPING FEVER COMPLEX. PI3 (PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS) CAUSES RESPIRATORY DISEASE. BRSV (BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS) CAUSES SEVERE, ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE, ESPECIALLY IN YOUNG CATTLE.

Vaccination Schedule

Cows and Bulls Vaccine IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis)…….. Recommended / Annual BVD (Bovine viral diarrhea)…………………… Recommended / Annual PI3 (Parainfluenza)…………………………….. Recommended / Annual BRSV (Bovine resp. syncytial virus)…………… Recommended / Annual Leptospirosis (5-Way)…………………………… Recommended / Annual (or 2x/yr depending on challenge) Vibriosis (30-60 dys before breeding)……… Recommended / Annual Blackleg (8 way)………………………………… Recommended / Annual Trichomoniasis (30-60 dys before breeding)………. Optional / Annual Pinkeye…………………………………………………….. Optional / Annual

Calves Blackleg (7 way)………………..Recommend / Preweaning 2x IBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV………… Recommend / Preweaning 2x Lepto 5………………………………..Recommend / Preweaning Brucellosis………………………..Recommend / (Heifers 4-11m) Pasteurella……………………… Recommend / for keepers (Ideally 30 days preweaning) Haemophilus somnus…………………………………......Optional Pinkeye………………………………………………………Optional

Replacement Heifers Brucellosis……………………………….Calfhood (4-12 months) IBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV………………………………..Prior to breeding Vibriosis……………………………………………Prior to breeding Leptospirosis (5 way)……………………………Prior to breeding Blackleg (8 way)…………………………………Prior to breeding Trichomoniasis……………………………………Prior to breeding