Equine viral Rhinopnemonitis

Mild infectious respiratory disease in young horses characterized by 1)upper respiratory infection in young horses 2)Abortion in mares 3)septicemia and viremia in neonatal foals 4)Nervous signs in adult horses

Etiology

Caused by 4 herpes viruses 1)EHV.4 cause outbreak infection 2) EHV.1 subtype one cause abortion and subtype 2 cause respiratory signs 3) EHV.2 4) EHV.3 1 st tow viruses occur in horses and most common

Epidimiology Disease was reported in many European countries and USA,in Iraq has not been diagnosed and reported.

Source of infection nasal discharge and aborted fetus main source of infection,the virus can survive outside animal body about days

Transmition 1)inhalation 2)ingested of contaminated food and water

Clinical signs

1)upper respiratory infection in young horses. Incubation period 2-20 days,fever but appetite is normal,congictivitis, Rhinitis serous discharge and cough. The course of disease 2-5 days,the disease usually unapparent, in some horses slight enlargement of submandibular L.N and in others diarrhea and edema

2) Abortion in mares occur during last of pregnancy and no retained placenta 3)septicemia and viremia in neonatal foals The foals normal or weak and may dead about few days 4)Nervous signs in adult horses or paralysis syndrome there is ataxia, paresis, recumbence, and death,this syndrome occur in outbreak

Complications The main complications secondary bacterial invasion result in pneumonia

D.Diagnosis 1)Strangles 2)catarrhal Rhinitis 3)Equine viral arteritis 4)Equine influenza 5)purpura hemorrhagica

Diagnosis 1)clinical signs 2)Necropsy and histology Sever pulmonary congestion,focal hepatic necrosis,intraneuclear inclusion bodies and pneumonia. 3)Viral isolation from aborted fetus using tissue culture and immunofloracent tech. 4)Serology. By using direct florescent Ab test and ELISA 5)Heamatology: Leokopenia

Treatment There is no specific treatment but adminsteration of antibiotic for 2 nd bacterial invasion and treatment should be continuous 4-6 days.

Control 1)Isolation of all infected animals. 2)aborted fetus should be disposed 3)vaccination for suckling foals and mares by using: killed vaccine. live attenuated vaccine. (hamster adapted and cell culture adapted).